北美留学申请核心竞争力报告
美国大学是如何进行录取评审的?

下面是我们收集到的美国加州体系的最新资料,反映出加州体系中的大学是如何进行评审的,其评审过程与评审标准是什么,以及它们所代表的美国顶尖大学所期望在申请人能发现的独特品质(原文照译):


The evaluation process consists of two types of academic review: the academic preparation review and the academic promise review. Eligible applicants are evaluated for excellence in grades, coursework and test scores and excellence in extra-curricular activities, leadership, athletics, awards and honors.

 

As part of the academic preparation review, an academic index score is computed that comprises the official GPA and the required test scores (SAT Reasoning test or converted ACT
Assessment plus Writing). The grade point average is most heavily weighted in the academic index, accounting for about 60% of the total. For applicants to engineering majors, the math test scores are more heavily weighted, whereas for applicants to Letters and Science and Creative Studies, verbal and writing test scores are more heavily weighted. Eligible applicants are then ranked based on their academic index score and awarded points based on their standing within the entire pool of applicants.

Eligible applicants are then assessed for academic promise. The academic promise review seeks to identify an applicant's achievements and personal qualities in the context of the opportunities and/or challenges an applicant has had which, when coupled with the academic review, provide a comprehensive view of an applicant's potential for success. Achievements and personal characteristics for which evidence is sought in the academic promise review are grouped into the following five categories:

?? Challenges, special circumstances, hardships and persistence
?? Leadership, initiative, service and motivation
?? Diversity of cultural and social experience
?? Intellectual and creative engagement and vitality
?? Honors, awards, special projects, and talents

 

Files are reviewed by trained admission professionals and retired teachers and counselors, all of whom go through an extensive training program every year. Reviewers are monitored for accuracy and consistency throughout the review process. Applications are read by at least two independent reviewers who do not know the score given by the other reader. Following a thorough review of the entire file, the reader assigns a single rating to it. If the scores differ significantly, then the file goes to a third, more senior, reader.

 

While there are no fixed points for activities or accomplishments, there are broad guidelines given to readers to suggest where point levels should lie. An applicant will receive one of the following ratings during the academic promise review:

Outstanding:
Applicant demonstrates outstanding characteristics or achievement in one or more of the five categories of review. Applicant will offer a remarkable quality or level of achievement that will greatly enrich the freshman class.

Significant:
Applicant demonstrates strong or significant characteristics or achievement in one or more of the five categories of review. Applicant will offer a quality or level of achievement that will significantly enhance the freshman class.

Good:
Applicant demonstrates average or good characteristics or achievement in one or more of the five categories of review. Applicant will offer a quality or level of achievement that will enhance the freshman class.

Typical:

Applicant demonstrates some characteristics or achievement in one or more of the five categories of review, but with limited range or depth. The applicant will not distinguish himself or herself relative to the other applicants and will not enrich the freshman class.

 

  整个评估过程由两类学术评审构成——“学术准备评审”,以及“学术潜质评审”。合格申请者的评审范围,涵盖学习成绩、课程构成、标准化考试成绩是否优异,以及课外活动、领导力、体育、获奖与荣誉方面是否优异。

 

  作为学术准备评审的一部分,我们计算得出一个学术指数分数,构成官方的GPA及必需的标准化考试成绩(SAT逻辑考试或换算过来的ACT测评,外加写作)。GPA在学术指数中权重最高,占全部的约60%。对于申请工程类的学生而言,数学考试成绩占更高权重,而对于申请文理科及原创性写作的申请者,语文及写作考试的成绩,将占更高权重。接下来,对于入围的申请者,按其学术指数分数进行排名,并按其在全部申请者中的排名而给出一个分数。

 

  之后,对入围的申请者进行学术潜质的评估。学术潜质评审旨在识别申请者已取得的成就,以及申请者在所经历的机会与挑战方面所展示出的个人品质。 学术潜质评审,连同学术评审,可以综合地反映出申请者取得成功的潜能。在学术潜质评审中,评审者会寻找申请人所取得的成就及个人特质的证据,而这些个人成就及特质则可大致归纳为以下五大评审类别:


● 挑战、特殊情形、艰难困苦、坚持不懈;
● 领导力、进取心、公益服务、动机;
● 文化经历及社会经历的多样性;
● 学术及创新工作及活力;
● 荣誉、奖励、特别项目、才华;

 

  学生的申请档案由训练有素的录取专业人士、退休老师及辅导员来评审,所有这些人每年都要接受一次全面广泛的培训。在整个评审过程中,我们会对评审者在精确性和连贯性两方面自始至终进行监测。每份申请材料由至少两位独立的评审者审阅,每个人都不可能知道另一个人对申请材料所作的评分。在对整份申请档案全面评审之后,评审人员就会给出一个单一的评级分数。如果所给出的两个评级分数相去甚远,那么,该档案就呈交给第三位、且更资深的评审者来作最终裁定。

 

  虽然对申请者的各项课外活动或成就没有固定的分值,但学校会向评审人员颁发较为宽泛的指引,表明如何来确定分数等级。所有申请者在学术潜质评审中,都将获得以下四个等级中的某一个等级评定:

 


在五大评审类别中的一类或几类中,申请者展示出优异的个人特质或成就。申请者将会带来一项非同寻常的品质或成就,能够极大地丰富新生班级。

 


在五大评审类别中的一类或几类中,申请者展示出强大或重大的个人特质或成就。申请者将会带来一项品质或成就,能够大大地丰富新生班级。

 


在五大评审类别中的一类或几类中,申请者展示出中等或较好的个人特质或成就。申请者将会带来一项品质或成就,能够增强新生班级。

 

 

在五大评审类别中的一类或几类中,申请者展示出某些个人特质或成就,但无论是在广度或深度上均相当有限。该申请者与其他申请者相比,将无法出类拔萃,亦无法丰富新生班级。

 

 

 

  从上述文字描述中不难看出,对于高中生而言,标准化考试SAT/TOEFL的成绩,以及所在学校的学业成绩,在整个录取评分体系中,占有60%的比重。而这个“学术准备评审”部分中的各项要素,所对应的,就是我们开头所讲的留学申请中的各项“不变量”。

 

  反之,“学术潜质评审”中的各项指标,则对应于我们所说的各项“可变量”,在整个录取评分体系中,占有40%的比重。而这些指标,只有通过一篇篇精心构思的留学文书,才能将申请人尽情展现在录取官员的面前。如果按照上述“优、良、中、差”四个等级来评判,essay写的好坏,可以让同一个申请者判若两人。是脱颖而出,还是明珠暗投,很大程度上就取决于一篇common application中主essay。可以说,决定申请人命运的,很大程度上就在于一篇文章。个中的利害关系,任何真正在乎申请结果的学生和家长,肯定是无比清楚的。

 

 



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