The citizens of Forsythe have adopted healthier lifestyles. Their responses to a recent survey show that in their eating habits they conform more closely to government nutritional recommendations than they did ten years ago. Furthermore, there has been a fourfold increase in sales of food products containing kiran, a substance that a scientific study has shown reduces cholesterol. This trend is also evident in reduced sales of sulia, a food that few of the healthiest citizens regularly eat.
　　Forsythe 的公民们已采用了较为健康的生活方式。从他们对一项近期的调查所作的回答来看，在其饮食习惯方面，他们比10多年前更密切地遵循着政府的营养建议。此外，在含有kiran——一种经科学研究证明可减少胆固醇的物质——的食品的销售中，已出现了四成的增长。这一趋势也明显体现于sulia的销售下降中，而sulia则是最健康的公民通常几乎不会食用的一种食品。

Humans arrived in the Kaliko Islands about 7,000 years ago, and within 3,000 years most of the large mammal species that had lived in the forests of the Kaliko Islands had become extinct. Yet humans cannot have been a factor in the species' extinctions, because there is no evidence that the humans had any significant contact with the mammals. Further, archaeologists have discovered numerous sites where the bones of fish had been discarded, but they found no such areas containing the bones of large mammals, so the humans cannot have hunted the mammals. Therefore, some climate change or other environmental factor must have caused the species' extinctions.
　　人类约在7,000年之前抵达Kaliko群岛，在3,000年不到的时间内大多数栖息在Kaliko群岛森林中的大型哺乳动物物种已宣告灭绝。然而，人类的存在不可能是导致这些物种灭绝的一个因素，因为没有任何证据可证明人类与哺乳动物之间有过任何重大的接触。此外，考古学家还发现了多个有鱼骨遭弃置的遗址，但他们却没有发现含有大型哺乳动物骨头的这类遗址，故人类不可能曾猎杀过哺乳动物。因此，肯定是某种气候变迁或其他的环境因素导致了这些物种的灭绝。

The following appeared in a recommendation from the president of Amburg's Chamber of Commerce.
"Last October the city of Belleville installed high intensity lighting in its central business district, and vandalism there declined almost immediately. The city of Amburg has recently begun police patrols on bicycles in its business district but the rate of vandalism there remains constant. Since high intensity lighting is apparently the most effective way to combat crime, we should install such lighting throughout Amburg. By reducing crime in this way, we can revitalize the declining neighborhoods in our city."
下述文字摘自Amburge商会主席的一份书面建议。
　　“去年10月，Belleville市在其中央商务区安装了高密度的照明系统，那里毁坏公共设施的行为几乎即刻下降。Amburg市最近已开始实行警察骑着自行车在其商务区进行巡察的制度，但毁坏公共设施的比例依然居高不下。既然高密度照明系统显然是最有效的方法来与犯罪行为作斗争，我们就应该在Amburg市的所有地方安装此类照明系统。通过以这种方式减少犯罪，我们便能为本市越来越不景气的各个社区重新注入活力。”

The following appeared in a memorandum from the new president of the Patriot car manufacturing company。
“ In the past, the body styles of Patriot cars have been old-fashioned, and our cars have not sold as well as have our competitors' cars. But now, since many regions in this country report rapid increases in the numbers of newly licensed drivers, we should be able to increase our share of the market by selling cars to this growing population. Thus, we should discontinue our oldest models and concentrate instead on manufacturing sporty cars. We can also improve the success of our marketing campaigns by switching our advertising to the Youth Advertising agency, which has successfully promoted the country's leading soft drink.”
下述文字摘自爱国者汽车制造公司新总裁的一份备忘录。
　　“过去，爱国者汽车的车身款式陈旧不堪，我们的汽车销售状况远不如我们竞争对手的汽车。但现在，鉴于在本国的许多地区新近获得驾驶执照的司机数量激增，我们就有可能通过将汽车推销给这部分不断增长的人口，从而来增加我们的市场份额。因此，我们必须中止我们最古老的车型，将注意力转而集中在运动型汽车的制造上。此外，我们也应将我们的广告事务转交给青年广告公司来代理，以提高我们营销活动的成功。众所周知，青年广告公司有着成功促销本国首屈一指的软饮料品牌的经验。”

In each city in the region of Treehaven, the majority of the money spent on government-run public school education comes from taxes that each city government collects. The region's cities differ, however, in the value they place on public education. For example, Parson City typically budgets twice as much money per year as Blue City does for its public schools—even though both cities have about the same number of residents. It seems clear, therefore, that Parson City residents care more about public school education than do Blue City residents.
　　 在Treehaven地区的每个市内，投入到由政府管理的公立学校教育上的经费，多数来自每个市的市政府所征收的税款。但是，该地区的每个城市，它们对公共教育的价值各有不同的认同。例如，Parson市每年为其公立学校预算的经费是Blue市的两倍，尽管这两个城市的居民数量大致相同。因此，似乎显而易见，Parson市的居民要比Blue市的居民更加关注公立学校的教育。

The following appeared in a magazine article about planning for retirement.
"Because of its spectacular natural beauty and consistent climate, Clearview should be a top choice for anyone seeking a place to retire. As a bonus, housing costs in Clearview have fallen significantly during the past year, and real estate taxes remain lower than those in neighboring towns. Nevertheless, Clearview's mayor promises many new programs to improve schools, streets, and public services. Retirees in Clearview can also expect excellent health care as they grow older, since the number of physicians in the area is far greater than the national average."
下述文字摘自有关规划退休的一篇杂志文章。
　　 “鉴于其壮观的自然美景以及稳定的气候状况，Clearview市应该成为任何一个寻找隐退场所的人的首选。作为一种额外的有利条件，Clearview市的住房费用在过去一年中大幅下降，且房地产税要比邻近城镇保持着更低的水平。虽然如此，Clearview市的市长承诺，将实施许多新计划来改善学校、街道和公共服务水平。在Clearview市，退休人员还可望随着年龄的日渐增加而获得优良的医疗保健，因为该地区的大夫数量远高于全国的平均数量。”

The following appeared in a memorandum from a vice president of the Megamart department store chain.
"For the third year in a row, the average household income in our country has risen significantly. That prosperity means that families are likely to be spending more time and money on leisure activities. Megamart stores should therefore concentrate on enlarging and promoting its line of products typically used in leisure activities: athletic and outdoor equipment, televisions, gourmet cooking equipment, and luggage and travel accessories."
下述文字摘自Megamart百货连锁店副总裁备忘录。
　　"我国普通家庭的收入连续三年大幅上升。这一繁荣意味着所有家庭将会把更多的时间和金钱花在休闲活动上。因此，Megamart商店应该重点致力于扩大并力推广泛用于休闲活动的那类产品，即体育运动及室外活动器材，电视，美食炊具，行李及旅行配件。"

The following appeared in the editorial section of a student newspaper.
"In a recent survey, most students who were studying beginning Russian gave higher course-evaluation ratings to classes taught by non-native Russian speakers than to classes taught by native Russian speakers. The reason that the non-native speakers were better teachers of Russian is easy to see: the non-native speakers learned Russian later in life themselves, and so they have a better understanding of how the language can be taught effectively. Therefore, in order to improve instruction for all languages and also save money, our university should hire non-native speakers as language instructors instead of trying to find and recruit native speakers.”
下述文字摘自某学生报纸的社论.
　　“在近期的一项调查中，大多数学习初级俄语的学生给非以俄语为本族语的教师所教的课程作出的评分高于以俄语作为本族语的教师所教的课程的评分。非以俄语为本族语的教师之所以能成为更好的俄语老师，其原因显而易见：这些非以俄语为母语的教师，他们自己都是在后来的生活中学习俄语的，因此他们更清楚如何才能有效地教语言。因此，为了提高所有语言的教学质量，并且节省费用，我们这所大学应该雇用非母语人士来作为语言教师，而不应该试图去寻找并雇用说母语的人来充当老师。”

The following appeared as an editorial in one of Coleville's city newspapers.
"Even though a high percentage of Coleville City's businesses failed last year, we who live in Coleville City should keep in mind the fact that the Coleville region has attracted a great many new businesses over the last three years. It is well known that new businesses are, on average, much more likely to fail than are long-established ones, so the business failures should not be considered a sign of poor economic health. Indeed, many analysts regard the presence of a significant number of new companies among a region's businesses as a sign of economic health. Thus Coleville City appears to be in good, not poor, economic shape."
下述文字摘自某份Coleville市报纸的社论。
　　“尽管Collview市很大一部分比例的商业去年均告失败，但我们这些居住在Coleville市的居民心中应该牢记这样一个事实，即在过去的3年中，Coleville地区吸引了许多新的生意。众所周知，普遍而言，新的生意远比老字号的生意更易于失败，因此，生意的失败不应该被视作经济疲软的征兆。实际上，许多分析家将一个地区的商业中大量新公司的存在视作经济强劲的一种征兆。因此，Coleville市似乎处在一种健康的而非疲软的经济状况之中.”