| |
| GRE
Argument 类作文题库英汉双语版（第四部分）
The Pool of Argument
Topics (PartⅣ ) |
| Argument
151 |
| The
following is a letter to the editor of the Atticus
City newspaper.
"Former
Mayor Durant owes an apology to the city of Atticus.
Both the damage to the River Bridge, which connects
Atticus to Hartley, and the traffic problems we have
long experienced on the bridge were actually caused
20 years ago by Durant. After all, he is the one who
approved the construction of the bridge. If he had
approved a wider and better-designed bridge, on which
approximately the same amount of public money would
have been spent, none of the damage or problems would
have occurred. Instead, the River Bridge has deteriorated
far more rapidly over the past 20 years than has the
much longer Derby Bridge up the river. Even though
the winters have been severe in the past several years,
this is no excuse for the negligence and wastefulness
of Durant."
下述文字乃一封致《Atticus都市报》的信函。
“前市长Durant应向全体Atticus 市民道歉。无论是将Atticus 市和Hartley市连结起来的跨河大桥所遭到的毁坏，还是我们在大桥上长期以来所经历的交通问题，实际上都是由Durant
市长在20年之前一手铸成的。无论如何，是他批准了大桥的开工建设。如果他所批准建设的大桥更宽一些，设计得更精良一些，而所投入其上的公共款项大致相等的话，那么，无论是大桥的受损，还是交通拥堵问题均不会发生。然则，在过去20年期间，跨河大桥现在则远比上游河段上长度远长得多的Derby河大桥更为快速地遭到毁损。尽管过去几年中冬天的日子甚为严酷，但我们绝不能原谅Durant市长的玩忽职守和浪费。” |
|
| Argument
152 |
|
The
following is a letter to the head of the tourism bureau
on the island of Tria.
"Erosion
of beach sand along the shores of Tria Island is a
serious threat to our island and our tourist industry.
In order to stop the erosion, we should charge people
for using the beaches. Although this solution may
annoy a few tourists in the short term, it will reduce
the number of people using the beaches and will raise
money for replenishing the sand. Replenishing the
sand, as was done to protect buildings on the nearby
island of Batia, will help protect buildings along
our shores, thereby reducing these buildings' risk
of additional damage from severe storms. And since
the areas along the shore will be more attractive
as a result, the beaches will be preserved and the
area's tourist industry will improve over the long
term."
下述文字摘自一封致Tria岛旅游局长的一封信。
“Tria岛海岸沿线海滩沙土的侵蚀对本岛及本岛旅游业是一种严重的威胁。为了阻止水土流失，我们应该向人们使用沙滩收取费用。尽管这一解决办法会在短期内惹怒一小部分人，但它可减少使用海滩的人数，并将筹得资金来为海滩补充沙土。补充沙土，正如在附近的Batia岛上用来保护建筑所作的那样，将有助于保护我们滨海沿途的建筑，从而减少这些建筑遭受严重风暴带来的进一步破坏。由于这样一来海滨一带的地区将变得更加吸引人，海滩将获得保护，该地区的旅游业将从长远的角度来看得到改进。” |
|
| Argument
153 |
The
following is from an editorial in the Midvale Observer,
a local newspaper.
"Ever since the 1950's, when television sets began
to appear in the average home, the rate of crimes committed
by teenagers in the country of Alta has steadily increased.
This increase in teenage crime parallels the increase
in violence shown on television. According to several
national studies, even very young children who watch
a great number of television shows featuring violent
scenes display more violent behavior within their home
environment than do children who do not watch violent
shows. Furthermore, in a survey conducted by the Observer,
over 90 percent of the respondents were parents who
indicated that prime-time television—programs that are
shown between 7 p.m. and 9 p.m.—should show less violence.
Therefore, in order to lower the rate of teenage crime
in Alta, television viewers should demand that television
programmers reduce the amount of violence shown during
prime time."
下述文字摘自一份地方性报纸《Midvale观察家》所发表的社论。
"自二十世纪五十年代以来，当电视机开始出现于寻常百姓家庭时，Alta国内青少年犯罪率已呈现出持续上升的势头。这一青少年犯罪行为的上升与电视上所播放的暴力画面的增加成正比。按照几份全国性调查报告，在那些大量观看了涉及到暴力场面的电视节目的青少年中，即使是极为年幼的孩童在其家庭环境中也要比那些不看暴力节目的孩童表现出更多的暴力行为。此外，在一项由《Midvale观察家》所进行的调查中，有90%的受访者为父母亲，他(她)们表示黄金时段的电视内容——即晚上7点到9点所播放的节目——应该减少播放暴力内容。据此，为了降低Alta国内青少年犯罪率，电视观众应该要求电视节目编播者减少黄金时段所播放的暴力画面数量。" |
|
| Argument
154 |
The
following appeared in the editorial section of a health
and fitness magazine.
"In
a study of the effects of exercise on longevity, medical
researchers tracked 500 middle-aged men over a 20-year
period. The subjects represented a variety of occupations
in several different parts of the country and responded
to an annual survey in which they were asked: How often
and how strenuously do you exercise? Of those who responded,
the men who reported that they engaged in vigorous outdoor
exercise nearly every day lived longer than the men
who reported that they exercised mildly only once or
twice a week. Given the clear link that this study establishes
between longevity and exercise, doctors should not recommend
moderate exercise to their patients but should instead
encourage vigorous outdoor exercise on a daily basis."
下述文字刊登于某健康与健美杂志的社论栏：
“在一项有关运动对长寿的影响的研究中，医疗研究人员在为期20年的时间中跟踪调查了500名中年男性。被调查对象代表着该国若干个不同地区的形形色色的职业，他们对每年一度调查中的两个问题——你运动的频繁程度如何？运动的力度如何？——作出回答。在所有作出回答的人中间，那些汇报说几乎每天都从事剧烈户外运动的男性，其寿命要高于那些汇报说每周只从事一次或二次轻微运动的男性。鉴于本项研究在长寿与运动之间所确立的明显关系，大夫们不应向其病人建议适度的运动，而应该鼓励病人每天从事剧烈的户外活动。” |
|
| Argument
155 |
|
The
following appeared in a letter to the editor of a
local newspaper.
"Too
much emphasis is placed on the development of reading
skills in elementary school. Many students who are
discouraged by the lonely activity of reading turn
away from schoolwork merely because they are poor
readers. But books recorded on audiocassette tape
provide an important alternative for students at this
crucial stage in their education, one the school board
should not reject merely because of the expense involved.
After all, many studies attest to the value of allowing
students to hear books read aloud; there is even evidence
that students whose parents read to them are even
more likely to become able readers. Thus, hearing
books on tape can only make students more eager to
read and to learn. Therefore, the school board should
encourage schools to buy books on tape and to use
them in elementary education."
下述文字摘自一封致某地方报纸编辑的信函。
“在小学里，人们对阅读技能的培养强调得过分了。许多对孤独的阅读活动望而却步的学生无心专注于学业，仅仅是因为他们阅读能力薄弱。但是，录制在盒式录音磁带上的书本内容却可以向学生在其教育中如此关键的这一阶段提供另外一个重要的选择方案。对于这一方案，校董事会不能纯粹因为所涉及到的费用而予以摈弃。不管怎么说，许多研究均可验证让学生聆听大声朗诵书本内容这一做法的价值。甚至还不乏这样的证据，即有些学生，由于其父母将书本内容朗读给他们听，就更有可能成为阅读能力很强的人。因此，在盒式录音磁带上听书本内容只会使学生更迫切地去阅读和学习。故校董事会应该鼓励学校去购置磁带书本，并将其应用于小学教学之中。” |
|
| Argument
156 |
The
following is taken from an advertisement placed in a
weekly business magazine by the Dickens Academy。
"We distributed a survey to senior management at
International Mega-Publishing, Inc. The result of the
survey clearly indicates that many employees were well
prepared in business knowledge and computer skills,
but lacked interpersonal skills to interact gracefully
with customers. International Mega-Publishing decided
to improve customer satisfaction by sending their newly
hired employees to our one-day seminars. Since taking
advantage of our program, International Mega-Publishing
has seen a sharp increase in sales, an indication that
the number of their disgruntled customers has declined
significantly. Your company should hire Dickens and
let us turn every employee into an ambassador for your
company."
下述文字摘自Dickens学校在某商业周刊投放的一则广告 .
“我们向国际Mega出版公司的高级管理层分发了一项调查。该调查的结果明显表明，许多员工在商业知识和电脑技能方面绰绰有余，但缺乏人际交流的技能来与客户作优雅的互动交流。国际Mega出版公司便决定将其新雇的员工送往我们为期一天的研修班，以期提高客户满意度。自从利用了我们学校的培训计划之后，国际Mega出版公司的销售量直线上升，这标志着他们心怀不满的客户的数量已大幅度下降。贵公司应该雇用Dickens学院来为您提供培训，让我们将每一位员工都转变为贵公司的一位大使。" |
Argument
157 |
The
following is a letter to the editor of a local newspaper.
"As a local merchant, I wish to support the development
of a ski resort in the state park north of our township.
Along with many other merchants who favor the proposal
by Ski the Slopes, Incorporated, I would, of course,
experience a growth in my business. But I also know
how much more prosperous, not to mention lively and
interesting, our community would be if tourism increased.
Since the main opposition comes from a few environmentalists*
who do not even live in this community, I see no reason
to give in to their views. The First National Bank has
finally researched the project and agreed to fund it.
As a result, I see no reason to delay development of
the resort."
Environmentalists are people who advocate the preservation
of the natural environment.
下述文字摘自一封致某地方报纸编辑的信函。
“作为一个当地商人，我希望对位于我镇北部州立公园内的滑雪场的开发表示支持。当然，和其他那些拥护Ski
the Slopes公司所提出的商业方案的商人一样，我将获得业务上的增长。但我也知道，如果旅游业得以发展，我们的社区将会变得多么的更加繁荣，不用提多么的生气蓬勃和引人入胜。既然主要的反对意见来自为数不多的几个并不居住在本社区的环保分子，我觉得没有理由屈服于他们的观点。第一国家银行最终对该项目进行了调查，同意为其提供资助。这样，我认为没有理由来推迟该滑雪场的开发。” |
|
| Argument
158 |
The
Trash-Site Safety Council has recently conducted a statewide
study of possible harmful effects of garbage sites on
the health of people living near the sites. A total
of five sites and 300 people were examined. The study
revealed, on average, only a small statistical correlation
between the proximity of homes to garbage sites and
the incidence of unexplained rashes among people living
in these homes. Furthermore, although it is true that
people living near the largest trash sites had a slightly
higher incidence of the rashes, there was otherwise
no correlation between the size of the garbage sites
and people's health. Therefore, the council is pleased
to announce that the current system of garbage sites
does not pose a significant health hazard. We see no
need to restrict the size of such sites in our state
or to place any restrictions on the number of homes
built near the sites.
垃圾场安全委员会最近在全州范围内进行了一项调查，旨在研究垃圾场对居住在附近的居民的身体有可能产生的有害影响。被调查的有五座垃圾场以及300多位居民。研究表明，平均而言，居所紧挨着垃圾场这一事实与这些居所中所居住人口发生的无法解释的疹子之间，仅存在着一种微弱的数据关系。此外，虽然居住在最大的垃圾场附近的居民发疹的程度略高这一事实属实，但在其他方面，垃圾场的大小与人们的健康之间毫无关系。因此，委员会可以甚为欣慰地宣布，目前这套垃圾场体制并不会对健康构成一项重大危险。我们认为毫无必要去限制本州内这类垃圾场的规模，也没有必要去限制垃圾堆附近所建造的房屋数量. |
|
| Argument
159 |
The nation of Claria covers a vast physical
area. But despite wide geographic differences, many
citizens are experiencing rising costs of electricity.
A recent study of household electric costs in Claria
found that families who cooled their houses with fans
alone spent more on electricity than did families using
air conditioners alone for cooling. However, those households
that reported using both fans and air conditioners spent
less on electricity than those households that used
either fans or air conditioners alone. Thus, the citizens
of Claria should follow the study's recommendation and
use both air conditioners and fans in order to save
money on electricity.
Claria国地域广大。但是，虽然该国地理差别巨大，许多公民都深感电费日益上涨。对Claria国的家庭电费所作的一项近期研究表明，那些仅仅使用电风扇来为其住房降温的家庭，其电费远高于那些仅使用空调来降温的家庭。但是，那些电扇与空调兼用的家庭，其电费要低于纯粹只用电扇或纯粹只用空调的家庭。因此，Claria的公民应该遵循该项研究的建议，既使用空调也使用电扇，以便节约电费。 |
|
| Argument
160 |
As
people grow older, an enzyme known as PEP increasingly
breaks down the neuropeptide chemicals involved in learning
and memory. But now, researchers have found compounds
that prevent PEP from breaking neuropeptides apart.
In tests, these compounds almost completely restored
lost memory in rats. The use of these compounds should
be extended to students who have poor memory and difficulty
in concentrating—and therefore serious problems in school
performance. Science finally has a solution for problems
neither parents nor teachers could solve.
随着人们日渐衰老，一种被称为PEP的酶会不断地分解学习与记忆过程中所涉及到的神经肽化学物。但现在，研究人员已发现了可阻止PEP致使神经肽分裂的化合物。在测试中，这些化合物几乎在老鼠身上能完全恢复缺失的记忆。这些化合物的运用应该也推广到记忆力衰弱或专注力有困难的学生身上，不然将会造成学业表现上的严重问题。科学终于解决了那些令家长和老师束手无策的问题。” |
|
| Argument
161 |
In
a study of reading habits of Leeville citizens conducted
by the University of Leeville, most respondents said
they preferred literary classics as reading material.
However, a follow-up study conducted by the same researchers
found that the type of book most frequently checked
out of each of the public libraries in Leeville was
the mystery novel. Therefore, it can be concluded that
the respondents in the first study had misrepresented
their reading habits.
在一项由Leeville大学就Leeville市民阅读习惯所作的研究中，大多数受访对象称,他们偏爱将文学名著作为其阅读材料。但是，由相同的研究人员所作的一项跟踪调查却发现，每个公共图书馆外借得最频繁的图书均为志怪小说类。因此，我们可以得出这样的结论，即第一项研究中的受访对象没能如实地描述出他们的阅读习惯。 |
|
| Argument
162 |
|
A recent study shows that people
living on the continent of North America suffer 9
times more chronic fatigue and 31 times more chronic
depression than do people living on the continent
of Asia. Interestingly, Asians, on average, eat 20
grams of soy per day, whereas North Americans eat
virtually none. It turns out that soy contains phytochemicals
called isoflavones, which have been found to possess
disease-preventing properties. Thus, North Americans
should consider eating soy on a regular basis as a
way of preventing fatigue and depression.
一项最近的研究表明，居住在北美大陆上的人们要比居住在亚洲大陆上的人们患慢性疲倦和慢性忧郁症的比例分别超出9倍和31倍。有意思的是，亚洲人平均每天要吃20克的大豆，而北美洲人却几乎一点都不吃。研究表明，大豆含有被称为异黄酮的植物化学物，这些植物化学物经科学家研究，发现拥有防病特性。因此，北美洲人应该考虑经常性食用大豆，以此作为一种防止疲劳和压抑的方法。 |
|
| Argument
163 |
The
following is taken from the editorial section of the
local newspaper in Rockingham.
"In order to save a considerable amount of money,
Rockingham's century-old town hall should be torn down
and replaced by the larger and more energy-efficient
building that some citizens have proposed. The old town
hall is too small to comfortably accommodate the number
of people who are employed by the town. In addition,
it is very costly to heat the old hall in winter and
cool it in summer. The new, larger building would be
more energy efficient, costing less per square foot
to heat and cool than the old hall. Furthermore, it
would be possible to rent out some of the space in the
new building, thereby generating income for the town
of Rockingham."
下述文字摘自Rockingham地方报纸的社论部分.
"Claitown大学需要为学生提供较为廉价的住房，以及需要寻找到一种方法，来为建造此类住房提供资金。解决这一问题的最佳方案是将建筑设计委托给一位以实验性和未来主义建筑风格著称的建筑设计师。众所周知，观光旅游者均愿意花钱去游览该建筑师设计的某些建筑，因此，我们可以预料，游人将会参观这一新建大楼。从向游人收取的费用中产生的收益将很快就涵盖建造成本。此外，这样一座建筑将吸引新学生来就读，也能吸引校友的捐款。虽然这样一座建筑规模之大会超出我们目前学生住房的需要，但大楼的部分区域可以用作办公空间。。" |
|
| Argument
164 |
|
Claitown University needs both
affordable housing for its students and a way to fund
the building of such housing. The best solution to
this problem is to commission a famous architect known
for experimental and futuristic buildings. It is common
knowledge that tourists are willing to pay money to
tour some of the architect's buildings, so it can
be expected that tourists will want to visit this
new building. The income from the fees charged to
tourists will soon cover the building costs. Furthermore,
such a building will attract new students as well
as donations from alumni. And even though such a building
will be much larger than our current need for student
housing, part of the building can be used as office
space.
Claitown大学需要为学生提供较为廉价的住房，以及需要寻找到一种方法，来为建造此类住房提供资金。解决这一问题的最佳方案是将建筑设计委托给一位以实验性和未来主义建筑风格著称的建筑设计师。众所周知，观光旅游者均愿意花钱去游览该建筑师设计的某些建筑，因此，我们可以预料，游人将会参观这一新建大楼。从向游人收取的费用中产生的收益将很快就涵盖建造成本。此外，这样一座建筑将吸引新学生来就读，也能吸引校友的捐款。虽然这样一座建筑规模之大会超出我们目前学生住房的需要，但大楼的部分区域可以用作办公空间。 |
|
| Argument
165 |
The
following appeared in a business magazine.
"As a result of numerous
consumer complaints of dizziness and nausea, Promofoods
requested that eight million cans of tuna be returned
for testing last year. Promofoods concluded that the
cans did not, after all, contain chemicals that posed
a health risk. This conclusion is based on the fact
that the chemists from Promofoods tested samples of
the recalled cans and found that, of the eight chemicals
most commonly blamed for causing symptoms of dizziness
and nausea, five were not found in any of the tested
cans. The chemists did find that the three remaining
suspected chemicals are naturally found in all other
kinds of canned foods."A
下述文字摘自某份商业杂志。
作为一种治疗失眠的民间偏方，熏衣草花卉的芳香已被证明有其疗效。在近期的一项研究中，有30名志愿者——他们全都患有长期失眠症——在一间控制室内连续三周每晚都枕着有熏衣草花香的枕头就寝。科研人员对他们的睡眠状况进行了全程监测。第一星期，志愿者们继续服用他们平常服用的安眠药。他们睡得很香，但第二天醒来时感觉疲惫。第二周，志愿者们停止服用安眠药，结果是，他们睡得没有上个星期那么香，并觉得更为疲惫。至第三周，志愿者们睡眠的时间比前两个星期更长，且睡得更香。这表明，在一个较短的时间内，熏衣草已治愈了失眠症。“
（注：所谓偏方常指一种基于植物的治疗形式，为传统医疗形式所普遍采用，它们形成于现代医疗服务和技术出现之前。）。” |
|
| Argument
166 |
|
The
following appeared in a local newspaper.
"People
should not be misled by the advertising competition
between Coldex and Cold-Away, both popular over-the-counter
cold medications that anyone can purchase without
a doctor's prescription. Each brand is accusing the
other of causing some well-known, unwanted side effect:
Coldex is known to contribute to existing high blood
pressure and Cold-Away is known to cause drowsiness.
But the choice should be clear for most health-conscious
people: Cold-Away has been on the market for much
longer and is used by more hospitals than is Coldex.
Clearly, Cold-Away is more effective."
下述文字摘自某份地方报纸。
“民众不应该被Coldex和Cold-Away这两种药品之间的广告竞赛所误导，这两者均是任何人可在任何商店不需要大夫处方便可直接购买的、时下甚为流行的感冒药。每一种药都指责对方会引起某些众所周知的、令人生厌的副作用：Coldex会使既有的高血压症每况愈下，而Cold-Away则会引起嗜睡症。但是，对于大多数健康意识强烈的人们来说，他们所应作出的选择将是不言而喻的：Cold-Away药进入市场的时间比Coldex远长得多，且在更多的医院推广使用。显而易见，Cold-Away药具有更好的疗效。” |
|
| Argument
167 |
A
folk remedy* for insomnia, the scent in lavender flowers,
has now been proved effective. In a recent study, 30
volunteers with chronic insomnia slept each night for
three weeks on lavender-scented pillows in a controlled
room where their sleep was monitored. During the first
week, volunteers continued to take their usual sleeping
medication. They slept soundly but wakened feeling tired.
During the second week, the volunteers discontinued
their medication. As a result, they slept less soundly
than the previous week and felt even more tired. During
the third week, the volunteers slept longer and more
soundly than in the previous two weeks. This shows that
over a short period of time lavender cures insomnia.
作为一种治疗失眠的民间偏方，熏衣草花卉的芳香已被证明有其疗效。在近期的一项研究中，有30名志愿者——他们全都患有长期失眠症——在一间控制室内连续三周每晚都枕着有熏衣草花香的枕头就寝。科研人员对他们的睡眠状况进行了全程监测。第一星期，志愿者们继续服用他们平常服用的安眠药。他们睡得很香，但第二天醒来时感觉疲惫。第二周，志愿者们停止服用安眠药，结果是，他们睡得没有上个星期那么香，并觉得更为疲惫。至第三周，志愿者们睡眠的时间比前两个星期更长，且睡得更香。这表明，在一个较短的时间内，熏衣草已治愈了失眠症。“
（注：所谓偏方常指一种基于植物的治疗形式，为传统医疗形式所普遍采用，它们形成于现代医疗服务和技术出现之前。） |
|
| Argument
168 |
|
Typically,
as people age, their bone mass decreases, making them
more vulnerable to bone fractures. A recent study
concludes that the most effective way to reduce the
risk of fractures in later life is to take twice the
recommended dose of vitamin D and calcium daily. The
three-year study followed a group of French women
in their eighties who were nursing-home residents.
The women were given daily supplements of twice the
recommended dose of vitamin D and calcium. In addition,
the women participated in a light weightlifting program.
After three years, these women showed a much lower
rate of hip fractures than is average for their age.
普遍而言，随着人们日趋衰老，他们的骨质会减少，使其更易于招致骨折。一项近期的研究结论是，晚年生活中减少骨折风险的最有效方法是每日服用两倍于大夫所建议的维生素D和钙。此项为期三年的研究追踪了一组年届八旬的法国妇女，她们均为私人疗养院居民。这些妇女每天均被给予两倍于大夫建议的维生素D和钙剂量的补充药物。此外，这些妇女还参加了一项轻微的举重计划。三年之后，这些妇女显示出了比其年龄段平均发病率远低得多的臀部骨折。 |
|
| Argument
169 |
|
The
following appeared in a letter from a department chairperson
to the president of Pierce University.
"Some studies conducted by Bronston College,
which is also located in a small town, reveal that
both male and female professors are happier living
in small towns when their spouses are also employed
in the same geographic area. Therefore, in the interest
of attracting the most gifted teachers and researchers
to our faculty and improving the morale of our entire
staff, we at Pierce University should offer employment
to the spouse of each new faculty member we hire.
Although we cannot expect all offers to be accepted
or to be viewed as an ideal job offer, the money invested
in this effort will clearly be well spent because,
if their spouses have a chance of employment, new
professors will be more likely to accept our offers."
下述文字取自Pierce大学某系主任致校长的一封信。
"由同样也是坐落于某一小镇的Bronston学院所作的某些研究表明，无论是男性教授还是女性教授，当其配偶也受雇于同一地理区域时，他（她）们生活在小镇才会较为幸福。因此，为了吸引最才华横溢的教师和科研人员来我系，也为了振奋我系全体教职工的士气，我们在Pierce大学应向我们聘用的每一位新教职工的配偶提供就业。虽然我们无法期待所提供的每个就业机会都被接受，或被视作理想的岗位选择，但投入到该项尝试中的资金显然会物有所值，因为倘若其配偶能享受就业机会，新教授们将更有可能接受我们的聘任。" |
|
| Argument
170 |
For
the past five years, consumers in California have been
willing to pay twice as much for oysters from the northeastern
Atlantic Coast as for Gulf Coast oysters. This trend
began shortly after harmful bacteria were found in a
few raw Gulf Coast oysters. But scientists have now
devised a process for killing the bacteria. Once consumers
are made aware of the increased safety of Gulf Coast
oysters, they are likely to be willing to pay as much
for Gulf Coast as for northeastern Atlantic Coast oysters,
and greater profits for Gulf Coast oyster producers
will follow.
在过去的五年里，加州的消费者宁肯付高出墨西哥湾沿岸牡蛎一倍的价钱去购买大西洋北海岸的牡蛎。在发现墨西哥湾沿岸几例生牡蛎具有有害细菌后不久，就开始了这种倾向。但是，科学家现在已经发明了杀死这种细菌的方法。一旦使消费者明白墨西哥湾沿岸牡蛎已增强的安全性，他们可能会愿意付与大西洋北海岸牡蛎相同的价格去购买墨西哥湾沿岸的牡蛎，随之而来的就是墨西哥湾沿岸的牡蛎生产者更大的利润. |
|
| Argument
171 |
|
The
following appeared in a memo from the marketing director
of Bargain Brand Cereals.
"One year ago we introduced our first product,
'Bargain Brand' breakfast cereal. Our very low prices
quickly drew many customers away from the top-selling
cereal companies. Although the companies producing
the top brands have since tried to compete with us
by lowering their prices, and although several plan
to introduce their own budget brands, not once have
we needed to raise our prices to continue making a
profit. Given our success selling cereal, Bargain
Brand should now expand its business and begin marketing
other low-priced food products as quickly as possible.”
下文出自“特价谷类食品”公司销售部经理的备忘录：
“一年前，我们推出了我们的第一个产品：“特价谷类食品”早餐系列。我们非常低的价位很快就从销量最好的食品公司吸引了众多顾客。尽管那些生产优质食品的公司继而降低产品价格试图与我们竞争，而且有几次计划推广他们自己的廉价产品，但是我们从未需要靠提高价格来维持赢利。考虑到我们销售食品的成功，“特价谷类食品”公司现在应该扩大它的业务，开始尽快地把其他低价食品推向市场。”
|
|
| Argument
172 |
The Mozart School of Music should obviously be the first
choice of any music student aware of its reputation.
First of all, the Mozart School stresses intensive practice
and training, so that students typically begin their
training at a very young age. Second, the school has
ample facilities and up-to-date professional equipment,
and its faculty includes some of the most distinguished
music teachers in the world. Finally, many Mozart graduates
have gone on to be the best known and most highly paid
musicians in the nation.
下述文字摘自《Pine市报》。
莫扎特音乐学校显而易见应该成为任何意识到其名望的音乐学生的首选。首先，莫扎特学校强调深度的练习与训练，因此学生们普遍在一个较早的年龄开展其音乐训练。其次，该校拥有充足的设施和先进的训练设备，该校的教员中囊括了世界上几位最著名的音乐教师。最后，许多莫扎特学校的毕业生继续深造，后来得以成为我国最著名的和收入最丰厚的音乐家。” |
|
| Argument
173 |
The
following is a memorandum issued by the publisher
of a newsmagazine, Newsbeat, in the country of Dinn.
"Our
poorest-selling magazine issues over the past three
years were those that featured international news
stories on their front covers. Over the same period,
competing news-magazines have significantly decreased
the number of cover stories that they devote to international
news. Moreover, the cost of maintaining our foreign
bureaus to report on international news is increasing.
Therefore, we should decrease our emphasis on international
news and refrain from displaying such stories on our
magazine covers.."
下述文字摘自Dinn国一份新闻杂志Newsbeat出版商的一份备忘录。
“在过去3年中，我们销量最差的几期杂志是那几期在首页封面上刊登了国际新闻故事的杂志。在同一时期，与我们竞争的其他几家新闻杂志大大减少了它们专门用来报道国际新闻的封面故事的数量。此外，维持报道国际新闻的海外部门的费用也呈上升趋势。因此，我们应该减少我们报道国际新闻的力度。并力避在我们杂志封面上展示这类故事。”
|
|
| Argument
174 |
The
following recommendation was made by the president and
administrative staff of Grove College, a private institution,
to the college's governing committee.
"We recommend that Grove
College preserve its century-old tradition of all-female
education rather than admit men into its programs. It
is true that a majority of faculty members voted in
favor of coeducation, arguing that it would encourage
more students to apply to Grove. But eighty percent
of the students responding to a survey conducted by
the student government wanted the school to remain all
female, and over half of the alumni who answered a separate
survey also opposed coeducation. Keeping the college
all-female, therefore, will improve morale among students
and convince alumni to keep supporting the college financially."
下面的建议是格罗夫学院——一个私营机构——院长和管理人员写给学院和管理委员会的。
“我们建议，格罗夫学院坚持其具有百年传统的全女生教育，不接受男生入学。的确，大多数教师表决赞成男女同校，说这样可以鼓励更多的学生申请就读于格罗夫学院。但是，由学生管理机构进行的调查表明，百分之八十的学生希望学校坚持全女生教育，而且在另一个单独的调查中，过半的校友反对男女同校。因此，保持学院全女生教育，会在学生中振奋精神面貌，并促使校友继续从财力上支持学院。” |
|
| Argument
175 |
The
following appeared in a letter to the school board in
the town of Centerville.
"All students should be required
to take the driver's education course at Centerville
High School. In the past two years several accidents
in and around Centerville have involved teenage drivers.
Since a number of parents in Centerville have complained
that they are too busy to teach their teenagers to drive,
some other instruction is necessary to ensure that these
teenagers are safe drivers. Although there are two driving
schools in Centerville, parents on a tight budget cannot
afford to pay for driving instruction. Therefore an
effective and mandatory program sponsored by the high
school is the only solution to this serious problem."
下文出自一封致森特维尔镇学校董事会的信函：
“所有在森特维尔高中就读的学生，都要求修司机教育课程。在过去的两年里，在森特维尔镇内或周围所发生的几起事故，都是十多岁的青少年司机。由于森特维尔的一些父母抱怨说，他们太忙不能教他们十几岁的孩子开车，因此其它某个机构就有必要采取措施保证这些十几岁的司机是安全的。尽管在林特维尔有两所司机学校，但是经济拮据的父母付不起学习开车的费用，因此，我们高中开设一门有效的且必修的课程，是解决该严重问题的唯一办法。” |
|
| Argument
176 |
The
following is a memorandum from the sales director to
the president of the Healthy-and-Good food company.
"A recent study indicates
that Venadial, a new margarine currently produced only
in the country of Alta, actually reduces cholesterol
levels. Derived from the resin of pine trees, Venadial
works by activating a metabolic response that is not
yet well understood. However, cholesterol levels fell
ten to fifteen percent among participants in the study
who consumed Venadial daily, and the risk of heart attack
by one-third. In addition, the new margarine is so popular
that stores in Alta are unable to keep it on their shelves.
Therefore, if our company obtains the exclusive right
to sell Venadial internationally, our profits are sure
to increase substantially within a very short time."
下文为销售主任致健康食品公司总裁的备忘录。
“最近的一项研究表明，Venadial产品，一种目前仅在Alta国生产制造的新人造黄油，实际上能降低胆固醇的含量。Venadial从松树的树脂中提取，其作用原理是激活一种尚未被充分理解的代谢应答。但是，在那些每日服用Venadial产品的该项研究的参加者中，胆固醇的含量下降了10－15％，心脏病的发病风险也下降了三分之一。此外，新的人造黄油如此广受欢迎，以致于Alta国的商店货架上供不应求。因此，如果本公司获得在国际上销售Venadial产品的专卖权，那么，我公司肯定能在很短的时间内大幅度提高利润。” |
|
| Argument
177 |
The
following is a letter that recently appeared in the
Oak City Gazette, a local newspaper.
"Membership in Oak City's Civic Club—a club whose
primary objective is to discuss local issues—should
continue to be restricted to people who live in Oak
City. People who work in Oak City but who live elsewhere
cannot truly understand the business and politics of
the city. It is important to restrict membership to
city residents because only residents pay city taxes
and therefore only residents understand how the money
could best be used to improve the city. At any rate,
restricting membership in this way is unlikely to disappoint
many of the nonresidents employed in Oak City, since
neighboring Elm City's Civic Club has always had an
open membership policy, and only twenty-five nonresidents
have joined Elm City's Club in the last ten years."
下文为最近发表在一份地方报纸《橡木市报》上的一封信函。
"橡木市市民俱乐部是一个以讨论当地问题为主旨的俱乐部，其会员资格应继续限于那些在橡木市居住的居民。那些在橡木市工作但居住他乡的人并不能真正理解本市的商务与政治。将会员资格限制于本市居民是极为重要的，因为只有本市居民才付城市税，因此也只有本地居民才理解资金应如何能被最好地用来改善本市的条件。不管怎么说，以这种方式来限制会员资格不可能使许多受雇于橡木市的非居民失望，因为附近的榆木市市民俱乐部一直执行着一种开放性的会员资格政策，但在过去的10年中仅有25个非居民加入了榆木市的俱乐部。” |
|
| Argument
178 |
The
following appeared in the annual report from the president
of the National Brush Company.
"In order to save money,
we at the National Brush Company have decided to pay
our employees for each brush they produce instead of
for the time they spend producing brushes. We believe
that this policy will lead to the production of more
and better brushes, will allow us to reduce our staff
size, and will enable the company factories to operate
for fewer hours—resulting in savings on electricity
and security costs. These changes will ensure that the
best workers keep their jobs and that the company will
earn a profit in the coming year."
下文摘自国家制刷公司总裁的年度报告。
"为了省钱，我们国家制刷公司决定按每位雇员制刷数量计付工资，而不是按他们制刷所花的时间付酬。我们相信，这一政策将致使生产更多、更好的刷子，将使我们缩减工作人员，并将使公司的工厂工作时间缩减，其结果是节省用电和安全费用。这些变化，将会保证那些最优秀的工人继续有工作，公司在来年将获得利润。” |
|
| Argument
179 |
| The
following is a memorandum written by the director
of personnel to the president of the Cedar Corporation.
"It would
be a mistake to rehire the Good-Taste Company to supply
the food in our employee cafeteria next year. It is
the second most expensive caterer in the city. In
addition, its prices have risen in each of the last
three years, and it refuses to provide meals for people
on special diets. Just last month three employees
complained to me that they no longer eat in the cafeteria
because they find the experience 'unbearable.' Our
company should instead hire Discount Foods. Discount
is a family-owned local company and it offers a varied
menu of fish and poultry. I recently tasted a sample
lunch at one of the many companies that Discount serves
and it was delicious—an indication that hiring Discount
will lead to improved employee satisfaction."
下述文字取自Cedar公司人事主任写给总裁的一份备忘录.
| | |
