The following appeared in a memo from the president of a company that makes breakfast cereals.
"In a recent study, subjects who ate soybeans at least five times per week had significantly lower cholesterol levels than subjects who ate no soy products. By fortifying our Wheat-O cereal with soy protein, we can increase sales by appealing to additional consumers who are concerned about their health. This new version of Wheat-O should increase company profits and, at the same time, improve the health of our customers."
下述文字摘自某家生产早餐谷类食品的公司总裁的备忘录。
　　“在最近的一份研究中，每周至少吃五次大豆的受试者，其胆固醇含量远低于那些不吃任何大豆产品的受试者。通过用大豆蛋白质来增强我们的Wheat－O早餐食品，我们就可以通过吸引那些关注其健康的额外顾客来提高销售量。这种Wheat-O新产品可望提高公司利润并同时改善我们顾客的健康水平。”

The following appeared in a letter from the mayor of Tudor City.
"After a major airline chose Yorkville as its regional flight hub, the number of businesses in that city almost doubled and local tax revenue increased by 50 percent. In addition, as travel to Yorkville became easier, most respondents to a survey of the country's top executives identified Yorkville as a desirable place to transact business. To secure efficient transportation for Tudor City and stimulate our local economy, we should build a new airport, like the one in Yorkville, that is suitable for a regional flight hub."
下述文字摘自Tudor市长的一封信函。
　　“在一家大航空公司选择Yorkville市作为其地方性航班枢纽之后，该城市的商业量几乎翻了一倍，当地的税收收益也增加了50％。此外，随着去往Yorkville市的飞行变得更为容易，最近对我国高层行政总裁所作的一项调查的大多数受访者表示，有意将Yorkville市作为进行商业交易的一个可取场所。为了给Tudor市带来顺畅的运输并刺激我们当地的经济，我们应该建设一个新机场，一个像Yorkville市那样的机场，能适合于作为一个地方性航班枢纽。”

The following appeared in a health newsletter.
"According to a recent study, people with many social ties report catching colds less often than do people with few social ties. Consequently, researchers conclude that having an active social life probably helps strengthen the immune system. The researchers note that catching a cold—one of a family of highly contagious viruses—gives the cold-sufferer temporary immunity to that virus in the future, but not to the many other related viruses. Merely being exposed to a new cold virus, however, is not enough for a person to catch a cold, since a strong immune system can successfully fight off some new viruses. Thus, in order to prevent catching a cold, people should strengthen their immune systems by becoming more active socially."
下述文字摘自一份健康时事通讯。
　　“依照一项近期的研究，拥有很多社会关系的人们反映，他们和那些社会关系不多的人相比，不会那么频繁地患上感冒。因此，研究人员得出结论认为，进行一种积极的社会生活可能有助于增强其免疫系统的功能。研究者们指出，患上感冒——极具传染性的病毒中的一种——使感冒患者具备了在未来针对该病毒的短暂免疫力，但对其他许多相关的病毒则不具免疫力。但是，纯粹受到一种新的感冒病毒的影响不足以使一个人患上感冒，因为一个强健的免疫系统能够成功抵御某些新病毒。因此，为了预防感冒，人们应该参与更多的社会活动，从而来增强他们的免疫系统。”

The following appeared in a memo from the vice president of marketing at Dura-Sock, Inc.
"A recent study of Dura-Sock wearers suggests that our company is wasting the money it spends on its patented "Endure" manufacturing process, which ensures that our socks are strong enough to last for two years. Dura-Sock has always advertised its use of the "Endure" process, but the new study shows that the average Dura-Sock customer actually purchases new Dura-Socks every three months. Furthermore, Dura-Sock customers surveyed in our largest market, northeastern United States cities, say that they most value Dura-Sock's stylish appearance and availability in many colors. These findings suggest that Dura-Sock can increase its profits by discontinuing its use of the "Endure" manufacturing process."
下述文字摘自Dura-Sock公司营销副总裁的一份备忘录。
　　“一项对穿戴Dura-Sock公司产品的用户最近所作的研究表明，我们公司花在它拥有专利的‘耐穿’制造工艺上的钱纯属浪费。这项专利可保证我们生产的袜子牢固得足以耐穿两年之久。Dura-Sock公司在广告中一直宣传它采用了‘耐穿’工艺，但该项新研究表明，Dura-Sock产品的普通购买者实际上每三个月就要新购买Dura-Sock的产品。此外，在美国东北部城市我们最大的市场中所调查的顾客，他们均反映，他们最喜欢Dura-Sock产品那种款式新颖的外观以及丰富的颜色。这些调查发现表明，Dura-Sock公司即使停止使用其‘耐穿’制造工艺，也能增加其利润。”

The following proposal was raised at a meeting of the Franklin City 。
"Franklin Airport, which is on a bay, is notorious for flight delays. The airport management wants to build new runways to increase capacity but can only do so by filling in 900 acres of the bay. The Bay Coalition organization objects that filling in the bay will disrupt tidal patterns and harm wildlife. But the airport says that if it is permitted to build its new runways, it will fund the restoration of 1,000 acres of wetlands in areas of the bay that have previously been damaged by industrialization. This plan should be adopted, for it is necessary to reduce the flight delays, and the wetlands restoration part of the plan ensures that the bay's environment will actually be helped rather than hurt."
Council下述建议是在Franklin市政委员会的会议上提出的.
　　"位于港湾上的Franklin机场以航班延误而臭名昭著。机场管理层打算建造一条新的跑道来提高空运能力，但要做到这一点，必须填埋900英亩的港湾面积。港湾联盟组织对此持反对态度，认为填埋港湾将会扰乱潮汐模式，危及到野生生命。但机场说，如果它被允许去建造新跑道，它将资助港湾地区此前被工业化所破坏的1000英亩湿地的恢复。这一计划应被采纳，因为它对于减少航班延误来说是十分必要的，并且该计划中的湿地恢复项目可确保港湾的环境将在实际上获益而非受损。"

A recently completed study shows that people dwelling in stairs-only apartment buildings (that is, buildings without elevators) live an average of three years longer than do people who live in buildings with both elevators and stairs. A second study shows that elderly residents of buildings with elevators make, on average, twice as many visits to doctors each year as do elderly residents of buildings without elevators. These findings suggest that even a very moderate amount of daily exercise, such as that required to use the stairs leading to and from one's apartment, can increase people's health and longevity. The findings also suggest that new apartment buildings should be constructed with as few elevators as possible.
　　 “一项近期完成的研究显示，那些居住在仅有楼梯的公寓大楼（即没有电梯的大楼）的人们，其平均奉命要比那些居住在既有楼梯又有电梯的大楼里的居民高出三年。第二项研究显示，带有电梯的大楼的老年居民，每年看大夫的次数要比没有电梯的大楼的居民高出二倍。这些研究发现表明，即使是数量适中的日常锻炼，诸如要求使用楼梯离开住处和返回住处的行走，也能提高人们的健康和寿命。这些研究也表明，新公寓大楼在建造时应尽可能少地安装电梯。”

The following appeared in a memo from Grocery Town's regional manager.
"The new Grocery Town store in Elm City, located near a new residential development, has a 'high-low' pricing policy where average prices are relatively high, but deep discounts are offered on some items in weekly specials. This store has been showing increased profits every month as the nearby residential development gets closer to full capacity. It follows that people prefer a pricing policy where they can find bargains on specific items. Since there is a new residential development planned in Oak City, we should change the pricing policy at all of our Oak City stores from our current 'everyday low prices' policy to a 'high-low' policy. This will increase the profits at all of our stores in Oak City."
下述文字摘自Grocery Town地区经理备忘录。
　　 “Elm市内新开设的Grocery Town商店位于一个新住宅开发小区附近，它实施一种‘先高后低’的定价政策，平均价格相对很高，但每周特卖的某些商品实行大额减价。随着附近的这家住宅开发小区接近全部入住，这家商店每月的盈利呈不断上升的态势。据此可以得出结论，人们所喜欢的定价政策，应让人们在某些特定商品上能享受减价优惠。由于Oak市正在规划一个新的住宅开发小区，我们应该在我们Oak市的全部商店内改变定价政策，将我们目前实施的‘每日低价’政策改为‘先高后低’的政策。这将提高我们在Oak市所有商店的利润。”

The following is a memo from the business manager of Valu-Mart stores.
"Over 70 percent of the respondents to a recent survey reported that they are required to take more work home with them from the workplace than they were in the past. Since Valu-Mart has not seen impressive sales in its office-supply departments in the past, we should take advantage of this work-at-home trend by increasing at all Valu-Mart stores the stock of home office machines such as printers, small copy machines, paper shredders, and fax machines. We will also increase stock of office supplies such as paper, pens, and staplers. With these changes, our office-supply departments will become the most profitable component of our stores."
下述文字摘自Valu-Mart商店业务经理的备忘录。
　　 “一项近期调查的70％以上的受访者反映，他们现在被要求从工作单位带回家去完成的工作量要比过去多。由于Valu-Mart商店的办公用品供应部在过去从未有过可观的销售表现，我们应该充分利用这一家庭办公的潮流，在所有Valu-Mart商店里增加家庭办公设备的进货，如打印机、小型复印机、碎纸机以及传真机。我们也应该增加办公用品供应的进货，如纸、笔和订书机等。凭藉这些改变，我们的办公用品供应部将成为我们商店利润最丰厚的部门。”

The following appeared in a newsletter from a national astronomy association.
"Various sources are predicting higher-than-average temperatures across the country next winter, including in Sun City, the traditional location of our yearly winter conference. Higher winter temperatures are sure to result in higher-than-usual tourism in Sun City, a location already known for its attractive beaches and good weather. Hotels will have fewer rooms available, transportation will be more difficult to reserve, and public places such as parks and restaurants will be more crowded. These conditions are likely to significantly reduce attendance at the conference. We should therefore move our conference to a city less popular with winter tourists."
下述文字摘自全国天文协会的时事通讯。
　　“各种资料来源都在预测，明年冬季全国各地将会出现高于平均水平的气温，包括作为我们冬季年会传统地点的太阳城。较高的冬季气温无疑会导致太阳城非同寻常的旅游热潮，因为太阳城早已以其引人入胜的海滩和良好的气候而著称。旅馆中能入住的房间将会数量减少，交通也将更加难以预订，像公园和餐馆等公共场所也将更加拥挤。这些状况都有可能大幅度减少我们学术会议的出席率。因此，我们应该将年会移至一个冬季旅游者较少光顾的城市。”

The following is a letter to the editor of the Waymarsh Times.
"Traffic problems here in Waymarsh are obviously reaching record levels. While just three months ago it would take me 15 minutes to get to work, it now takes closer to 25. Waymarsh should follow the example of our neighboring city Gearsville. Last year, Gearsville implemented a policy that rewards people who share rides to work with coupons for free gas. Pollution levels in Gearsville have dropped since the policy was implemented, and several friends who live in Gearsville tell me that their trip to work is quicker than it used to be. With the terrible traffic and high pollution in Waymarsh, we must implement a policy similar to Gearsville's."
下述文字摘自一封致《Waymarsh时代》编辑的信函。
　　"Waymarsh市这里的交通问题正明显趋近历史最高水平。就在3个月前，我路上只需花15分钟就能到单位上班，但现在却要花将近25分钟的时间。Waymarsh应该学习邻市Gearsville的榜样。Gearsville市实施了一项政策，用免费汽油票奖励那些搭车上班的人。自该政策实施以来，Gearville市的污染程度已经下降，我的几个居住在Gearsville市的朋友告诉我，他们上班所花的时间要比过去短。考虑到Waymarsh市可怕的交通和污染问题，我们必须实施一种与Gearville市相似的政策。"

The following is a memo from the president of Cyberell Computer Comp“any.
"All of our customer-service employees recently attended a two-day retreat during which they received retraining in effective customer service. Subsequently, Cyberell's employee-performance study showed that the retreat benefited new employees—those who have worked with Cyberell for less than two years—far more than it did experienced employees. According to the study, after the retreat new employees were able to handle an average of ten percent more calls per hour, and the total number of customer complaints about new employees decreased, but experienced employees showed little improvement in these areas. Therefore, Cyberell should send only new employees to future retreats and should use the resulting savings to double the length of the retreats so that the retreats will be more likely to yield optimum employee performance.”
下述文字摘自Cyberell计算机公司总裁的备忘录。
　　“我们所有的客户服务员工最近参加了一次为期两天的休整，其间接受了有效客户服务的重新培训。此后，Cyberell公司的员工表现研究显示，该休整培训给新员工——那些在Cyberell公司工作不足两年时间的员工——带来的益处甚于那些熟练员工。按照该项研究，在接受休整培训之后，新员工每小时接听电话的数量提高了10％，顾客对新员工投诉的总数也下降了，但熟练员工在这些方面没有表现出什么改观。因此，Cyberell公司应该在未来的休整中只派新员工参加，并应该将随后节省下来的费用用来将休整的时间增加一倍，这样，这些休整将更可能带来最佳的员工表现。”

The following appeared in a health newsletter.
"Eating a heavy meal may increase the risk of heart attack. A recent survey of 2,000 people who had had a heart attack revealed that 158 of them said they had eaten a heavy meal within 24 hours before their heart attack, and 25 of them said they had eaten a heavy meal within 2 hours before their heart attack. Eating and digesting food releases hormones into the bloodstream and temporarily increases heart rate and blood pressure slightly. Both of these things put stress on the heart. Therefore, people who are at risk of having a heart attack can lower that risk by not overeating."
下述文字摘自一份关于健康的时事通讯。
　　“吃饭时饮食过量会增加发生心脏病的风险。最近对曾患过心脏病的2000人所作的调查显示，其中有158人说他们曾在心脏病发生之前的24小时内暴饮暴食，有25人说他们在心脏病发生之前的2小时内曾暴饮暴食。吃东西和消化东西会将荷尔蒙释放到血液中，可暂时使心跳速度和血压稍有增加。这两个因素都可以加大心脏病的压力。因此，有心脏病风险的人可以通过避免暴饮暴食而降低这一风险。”