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| GRE
Argument 类作文题库英汉双语版（第二部分）
The Pool of Argument
Topics (Part II) |
| Argument
51 |
|
The
following appeared in a medical newsletter.
"Doctors
have long suspected that secondary infections may
keep some patients from healing quickly after severe
muscle strain. This hypothesis has now been proved
by preliminary results of a study of two groups of
patients. The first group of patients, all being treated
for muscle injuries by Dr. Newland, a doctor who specializes
in sports medicine, took antibiotics regularly throughout
their treatment. Their recuperation time was, on average,
40 percent quicker than typically expected. Patients
in the second group, all being treated by Dr. Alton,
a general physician, were given sugar pills, although
the patients believed they were taking antibiotics.
Their average recuperation time was not significantly
reduced. Therefore, all patients who are diagnosed
with muscle strain would be well advised to take antibiotics
as part of their treatment."
下述文字摘自一份医学时事通讯。
“长期以来，医生们怀疑二次感染可能会妨碍某些病人在发生严重肌肉损伤后迅速痊愈。这一假设现在已被一项对两组病人展开的研究的初步结果所证实。第一组病人全都由Newland博士来治疗肌肉受伤。Newland博士的专业为运动医学，他让病人们在整个治疗期间定期服用抗生素。平均而言，这些病人的康复时间比普遍所预期的快40％。第二组病人由全科医生Alton博士负责治疗。Alton博士让病人服用糖丸，虽然病人相信他们所服用的是抗生素。他们的平均康复时间没有得到大幅度的缩短。因此，所有被诊断患有肌肉损伤的病人去服用抗生素作为其治疗的一个部分，这无疑是明智的。” |
|
| Argument
52 |
|
The
following appeared in a memo to the human resources
manager at Baobob Inc., a large architectural firm.
"Several
well-known, retired architects were interviewed in
Architecture Today about changes in the field. Only
one had earned a college degree in architecture. All
others had come into the field at an early age by
serving apprenticeships that required them to work
under the direct supervision of an experienced architect.
Several of the colleges that we recruit from report
that many promising architecture students leave school
early in their undergraduate career. Therefore, because
finding talented architecture graduates is becoming
more difficult, Baobob Inc. should start an aggressive
apprenticeship program and hire students who express
an interest in architecture directly out of high school
rather than wait for them to get out of college."
下述文字摘自一份致Baobob公司——一家大型建筑设计公司——人力资源经理的备忘录。
“几位著名的、已退休的建筑师接受了《今日建筑》杂志的采访，讨论建筑领域中的变化。他们中仅有一位曾获得建筑学专业大学学位，所有其他几位都是通过早年当学徒进入这一行业的，其学徒生涯要求他们在一个经验丰富的建筑师的直接监督下工作。我们从中招聘职员的某些学院反映，许多极具潜质的建筑学学生在其本科学业的早期便离校。因此，由于寻找有天赋的建筑学毕业生正变得越来越困难，Baobob公司应该开始实施一项积极大胆的学徒计划，直接从高中雇用那些对建筑表现出兴趣的学生，而不是等待他们从学院毕业。” |
|
| Argument
53 |
Thirteen
years ago, researchers studied a group of 25 infants
who showed signs of mild distress when exposed to unfamiliar
stimuli such as an unusual odor or a tape recording
of an unknown voice. They discovered that these infants
were more likely than other infants to have been conceived
in early autumn, a time when their mothers' production
of melatonin—a hormone known to affect some brain functions—would
naturally increase in response to decreased daylight.
In a follow-up study conducted earlier this year, more
than half of these children—now teenagers—who had shown
signs of distress identified themselves as shy. Clearly,
increased levels of melatonin before birth cause shyness
during infancy and this shyness continues into later
life.
“13年前，科研人员研究了一组总数为25名的婴儿，这些婴儿在接触到诸如异常气味或一未知声音的录音等陌生刺激物时，表现出了轻微痛苦的症状。他们发现这些婴儿要比其他婴儿更有可能是在秋季早期受孕的，那时他们母亲褪黑激素——一种会影响某些大脑功能的激素——的产生会自然地随着白昼光照的减少而增加。在一项今年早些时候所作的跟踪研究中，这些曾表现出痛苦症状的孩子——现在均已成为青少年——中半数以上的人将自己描述为具有害羞心理。显然，产前褪黑激素含量的上升会导致婴儿时期的害羞心理，并且这种害羞心理会一直持续到后来的生活中。 |
|
| Argument
54 |
|
The
following appeared in a newsletter on dental health.
"A recent research study reported the experience
of dentists whose patients had, over a period of five
years, regularly used Flux Dental Floss as part of
their dental hygiene routine. The report indicates
that these dentists had 50 percent fewer cases of
gum disease than did dentists whose patients did not
use Flux regularly. In addition, most of the Flux
users who were surveyed by their dentists agreed that
Flux's mint flavor would encourage people to floss
more often. Thus, even though Flux may cost more than
other brands of floss, it is clearly a worthwhile
investment for those who want to be assured of healthy
teeth and gums."
下述文字摘自有关牙齿健康的一份时事通讯。
“一项最近的调查研究报道了牙医们的医疗经验。这些牙医所治疗的病人在为期5年的时间中定期使用Flux洁牙线作为其牙龄卫生日常护理的一部分。这份报告显示，这些牙医碰到的牙床病个案的数量，要比那些其病人不定期使用Flux洁牙线的牙医的少50％。此外，大多数被其牙医调查的Flux洁牙线的使用者一致认为，Flux洁牙线的薄荷味会促使他们较为频繁地使用洁牙线来清洁牙齿。因此，即使Flux洁牙线会比其他品牌的洁牙线售价高，但显而易见，对于那些希望拥有一副健康的牙齿和牙床的人来说，它不失为一项物有所值的投资。” |
|
| Argument
55 |
|
The
following appeared in a Letter to the Editor of the
Shady Village newspaper.
"Commuters
are complaining that the rush hour traffic on Blue
Highway between Shady Village and Bright City has
doubled their commuting time. Some commuters have
asked that an additional traffic lane be built, but
the recent creation of such a lane on nearby Green
Highway apparently attracted more commuters, judging
from the fact that rush-hour traffic jams actually
increased there this past winter. To reduce rush-hour
traffic on Blue Highway, a bicycle lane should be
added instead of a traffic lane. This approach will
succeed because many citizens of Shady Village are
avid bicyclists; 75 percent of respondents to a recent
questionnaire distributed there said they would like
to bicycle more hours per week than they currently
do."
下述文字摘自一封致《Shady村报》编辑的信函。
“乘坐公交车上下班的旅客抱怨说，Shady村和Bright市之间的Blue公路高峰时段的交通使他们上下班的时间增加了一倍。有些乘客要求加开一条交通车道，但最近在附近的Green公路上新开通的这样一条车道明显吸引了更多的乘客，作出这一判断的理由是去年冬天高峰时段的交通堵塞在那里实际上有增无减。为了减少Blue公路上高峰时段的交通流量，应增设一条自行车道而不是机动车道。这一方法将取得成功，因为Shady村的许多公民都是劲头十足的自行车爱好者。75％的受访者在回答一份最近在当地散发的问卷调查时回答说，他们都愿意在将来每个星期比现在骑更多时间的自行车。” |
|
| Argument
56 |
Collectors
prize the ancient life-size clay statues of human figures
made on Kali Island but have long wondered how the Kalinese
artists were able to depict bodies with such realistic
precision. Since archeologists have recently discovered
molds of human heads and hands on Kali, we can now conclude
that the ancient Kalinese artists used molds of actual
bodies, not sculpting tools and techniques, to create
these statues. This discovery explains why Kalinese
miniature statues were abstract and entirely different
in style: molds could only be used for life-size sculptures.
It also explains why few ancient Kalinese sculpting
tools have been found. In light of this development,
collectors should expect the life-size sculptures to
decrease in value and the miniatures to increase in
value.
收藏家们非常珍视在Kali岛上制造的古代真人尺寸的人类人物泥像，但长期以来一直在绞尽脑汁思考Kali岛上的艺术家何以能用如此逼真的精确性来表现人体。由于考古学家最近在Kali岛上发现了制造人头和人手的模具，我们现在便可以得出结论，即古代Kali岛艺术家是使用真实人体的模具，而不是使用雕刻工具和技术，来创作了这些雕像。这一发现有助于说明Kali岛上的小型雕像为什么显得抽象且风格绝然不同：模具只能用于真人尺寸的雕塑。它也有助于解释为什么考古学家几乎根本没有发现任何古代的Kali雕塑工具。鉴于这一事态的发展，收藏家们可以预料，真人尺寸的雕塑将会贬值，而小型雕像则会升值。 |
Argument
57 |
The
following appeared in a newsletter on nutrition and
health.
"Although the multimineral Zorba pill was designed
as a simple dietary supplement, a study of first-time
ulcer patients who took Zorba suggests that Zorba actually
helps prevent ulcers. The study showed that only 25
percent of those ulcer patients who took Zorba under
a doctor's direction developed new ulcers, compared
to a 75 percent recurrence rate among ulcer patients
who did not take Zorba. Clearly, then, Zorba will be
highly effective in preventing recurrent ulcers and
if health experts inform the general public of this
fact, many first-time ulcers can be prevented as well."
下述文字摘自一份有关营养与健康的时事通讯。
“虽然含有多种矿物质的Zorba药丸在设计时是作为一种简易的饮食补充物，但对初次患有溃疡但服用了Zorba药丸的病人所作的一次研究表明，Zorba药实际上有助于预防溃疡病。该研究显示，遵照医嘱服用了Zorba药的病人，其中仅有25%的人患上了新的溃疡，相比而言，在那些不服用Zorba药的病人当中，溃疡复发率则高达75％。那么显而易见，Zorba药能非常有效地防止溃疡复发，如果健康专家能将这一事实告知公众，许多首次溃疡的发生也能得到预防。” |
|
| Argument
58 |
The
following appeared in an article from a popular newsmagazine.
"In
1888 a stone was unearthed in northern Wisconsin with
an inscription in an old Scandinavian alphabet and bearing
the date 1362. Scandinavians were not, however, exploring
or emigrating to northern Wisconsin in the fourteenth
century. Recent analysis proves, in fact, that the stone
had been buried in the spot where it was found for no
more than 100 years. Moreover, the community near the
discovery site was home to a group of people who had
formed a club to study medieval Scandinavian culture—a
period that includes the fourteenth century. The stone,
therefore, is not a genuine artifact of medieval Scandinavian
culture inscribed in the fourteenth century but most
likely a hoax perpetrated by the group."
下述文字摘自某通俗时事杂志的一篇文章。
“1888年，Wisconsin州北部挖出一块石头，上面带有用古老的斯堪的纳维亚字母铭刻的文字，铭文的日期为1362年。但是，14世纪期间，没有斯堪的纳维亚人在Wisconsin州北部进行探险，或移居到那里。事实上，最近的分析证明，那块石头在它被发现的地方埋葬了还不到100年。此外，在发现场地附近的社区聚居着一群人，他们组织了一个俱乐部来研究中世纪斯堪的纳维亚文化——该时期涵盖整个14世纪。因此，该石块不可能是铭刻于14世纪的中世纪斯堪的纳维亚文化的真正人工制品，却最有可能是该俱乐部成员设置的一个骗局。” |
|
| Argument
59 |
The
following appeared in an article in the health section
of a newspaper.
According to the available medical records,
the six worst worldwide flu epidemics during the past
300 years occurred in 1729, 1830, 1918, 1957, 1968,
and 1977. These were all years with heavy sunspot activity—that
is, years when the Earth received significantly more
solar energy than in normal years. People at particular
risk for the flu should therefore avoid prolonged exposure
to the Sun."
下述文字摘自某报健康版的某篇文章。
“据所能获得的医疗记载来看，过去300年中6次全球规模的最严重的流感发生于1729年，1830年，1918年，1957年，1968年和1977年。所有这些年份出现过大量太阳黑子活动，也就是说，在这些年中地球比在正常年份获得的太阳能远多得多。因此，那些特别易受流感影响的人应避免长时间曝露在太阳底下。” |
|
| Argument
60 |
The
following appeared in the health section of Glenntown's
local newspaper.
"Several national medical
studies suggest that older people who have pets tend
to enjoy better health than those who do not have pets:
those who have pets have lower rates of high blood pressure
and arthritis. It seems clear that having to care for
an animal promotes good health for the older person.
Therefore, Glenntown should establish a program to give
a small pet such as a dog or cat to all of its citizens
who are over the age of 65. This will help to insure
that our senior citizens enjoy good health
and have fewer medical bills."
下述文字摘自Glenntown当地报纸的健康版。
“若干项全国性医学研究表明，养宠物的老年人往往比那些不养宠物的老年人享受着更为健康的身体。那些养宠物的人患高血压和关节炎的几率相对较低。情况似乎很明显，对于老年人而言，不得不去照料一头动物可促进身体健康。因此，Glenntown应创立一项计划，向所有65岁以上的公民分发狗和猫这样一些小宠物。这将有助于确保我们的老年公民享受到健康，并减少几笔医疗开支。” |
|
| Argument
61 |
|
TThe
following appeared in a report by the School District
of Eyleria.
"Nationally, the average
ratio of computers to students in kindergarten through
grade 12 (K-12) is 1:5. Educators indicate that this
is very good ratio. This means that across the country,
all students have access to and can use computers
daily in their classrooms. In Eyleria's K-12 schools,
the ratio of computers to students is 1:7. This number
is sufficient to ensure that all of Eyleria's students,
by the time they graduate from high school, will be
fully proficient in the use of computer technology.
Thus, there is no reason to spend any of the schools'
budget on computers or other technology in the next
few years."
下述文字摘自Eyleria教育区的一份报告。
“从全国范围看，从幼儿园到12年级（K—12），电脑与学生的平均比例为1：5。教育学家们表示，这是一种非常恰当的比例。这意味着在整个国家，所有学生每天在教室里都能上机使用电脑。在Eyleria的K—12学校里，电脑与学生之比为1：7。这一数字足以保证，所有Eyleria的学生，当他们高中毕业之际，都将极为熟练地使用电脑技术。因此，在今后的几年中没有理由去将学校的经费化费在电脑和其他技术上。” |
|
| Argument
62 |
|
The Treasury has once again
introduced a dollar coin, the Pine Tree dollar. Neither
the Presidential dollar coin, introduced 11 years
ago, nor the Eagle dollar coin, introduced 3 years
ago, remained in circulation long: people simply preferred
spending paper dollars. However, a survey conducted
soon after its release indicates that the Pine Tree
dollar is far more appealing than other dollar coins:
76 percent of respondents own the coin; 62 percent
of those owning multiple coins consider it so attractive
that they are still saving rather than spending the
most recent coin to come into their possession. Since
the Pine Tree coin promises to become the dollar currency
of choice, the Treasury is correct to begin saving
money by dramatically reducing the costly printing
of paper dollars.
财政部再次引入了面值为一美元的硬币——松树美元。无论是11年前引入的总统美元硬币，还是3年前引入的鹰美元硬币，都没有长期流通。人们就是喜欢使用纸币的一美元钞。但在松树美元发行之后旋即进行的一项调查却显示，松树美元硬币远比其他美元硬币更具吸引力：76％的受访者拥有这一硬币；在拥有多枚硬币的人当中，有62%的人认为该硬币是如此诱人，以致于他们会将最近获得的硬币存起来而不是花掉。既然松树硬币有望成为人们自择的美元硬币，因此，财政部开始大幅度减少昂贵的纸币美元的印制从而节省费用，这完全是正确的。 |
|
| Argument
63 |
When
Stanley Park first opened, it was the largest, most
heavily used park in town. It is still the largest park,
but it is no longer heavily used. Video cameras mounted
in the park's parking lots last month revealed the park's
drop in popularity: the recordings showed an average
of only 50 cars per day. In contrast, tiny Carlton Park
in the heart of the business district is visited by
more than 150 people on a typical weekday. An obvious
difference is that Carlton Park, unlike Stanley Park,
provides ample seating. Thus, if Stanley Park is ever
to be as popular with our citizens as is Carlton Park,
the town will obviously need to provide more benches,
thereby converting some of the unused open areas into
spaces suitable for socializing.
当Stanley公园最初开放时，它是城内最大的、使用最频繁的公园。现在，它依然是最大的公园，但它不再是使用最频繁的公园。上个月装在停车场制高点上的录像机显示出了该公园人气的下降：录像带表明每天平均只有15辆汽车。相反，位于商务区中央的小公园，Carlton公园，却在每个普通的工作日有不止150个人前来游玩。Carlton公园迥然不同于Stanley公园的一个差别在于它提供了充足的座椅。因此，如果Stanley公园真的要像Carlton公园那样深受我们居民们的喜爱，镇政府显然必须提供更多的椅子，从而将某些空置的开阔区域改成适合于社交活动的空间。 |
|
| Argument
64 |
|
The
following appeared in a memo from the Dean of the
College of Education at Omni State University.
"Only seven of our state's
high schools offer even one course in Latin, but over
80 percent of the graduates who study Latin at those
seven schools enroll in college. Furthermore, a recent
study shows that students who have mastered Latin
perform much better in logic and critical thinking.
Thus, in order to increase the percentage of our high
school students who graduate from college as well
as to ensure that they receive a better education
in critical thinking, Omni State University should
begin an intensive program to prepare our future teachers
to teach high school Latin."
下述文字摘自Omni州立大学教育学院院长的备忘录。
“在我州的高中，只有7所学校开设一门拉丁语课程，但在这7所学校学习拉丁语的毕业生中，有80％以上的学生会进入大学。此外，最近的一项调查显示，掌握拉丁语的学生在逻辑与严谨思维上有着远优异的表现。因此，为了提高我们高中学生能从大学顺利毕业的百分比，并为了确保他们能在严谨思维方面获得更好的教育，Omni大学应该开始实施一项强化训练计划，旨在让我们未来的老师作好在高中教拉丁文课程的准备。” |
|
| Argument
65 |
The
following appeared in a memo from the president of a
chain of cheese stores located throughout the United
States.
"For many years all the stores
in our chain have stocked a wide variety of both domestic
and imported cheeses. Last year, however, the five best-selling
cheeses at our newest store were all domestic cheddar
cheeses from Wisconsin. Furthermore, a recent survey
by Cheeses of the World magazine indicates an increasing
preference for domestic cheeses among its subscribers.
Since our company can reduce expenses by limiting inventory,
the best way to improve profits in all of our stores
is to discontinue stocking many of our varieties of
imported cheese and concentrate primarily on domestic
cheeses."
下述文字摘自一家分布在全美国的奶酪连锁店总裁的备忘录。
“许多年来，我们这家连锁商号属下的所有商店都采购过许多种类的国产和进口奶酪。但在去年，我们最新一家店最畅销的前五种奶酪全都是来自Wisconsin州的国产切达干酪。此外，由《世界奶酪》杂志进行的一项近期调查显示，订阅该杂志的人当中，越来越多的人喜爱国产奶酪。既然我们的公司能够通过限制存货而减少开支，故在我们所有商店中提高利润的最佳方法是中止采购许多品种的进口奶酪，而将主要精力集中在国产奶酪上。” |
|
| Argument
66 |
|
The
following appeared in a letter from a firm providing
investment advice to a client.
"Homes
in the northeastern United States, where winters are
typically cold, have traditionally used oil as their
major fuel for heating. Last year that region experienced
90 days with below-average temperatures, and climate
forecasters at Waymarsh University predict that this
weather pattern will continue for several more years.
Furthermore, many new homes have been built in this
region during the past year. Because of these developments,
we predict an increased demand for heating oil and
recommend investment in Consolidated Industries, one
of whose major business operations is the retail sale
of home heating oil."
下述文字摘自一封某提供投资建议的公司致一客户的信函。
“在冬季普遍甚为寒冷的美国东北部，房屋传统上都使用油作为他们冬天制热的主要燃料。去年，该地区经历了90个低于平均气温的日日夜夜，而Wanymarsh大学的天气预测人员预测，这一气候模式将持续好几年。此外，该地区去年新造了许多住房。由于这些事态的发展，我们预计取暖用油的需求将会增加，因此我们建议投资者投资给‘统一工业’，它其中一种主要的业务为家庭取暖用油的零售。” |
|
| Argument
67 |
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The following
appeared in a letter to the editor of a newspaper
serving the villages of Castorville and Polluxton.
"Both
the villages of Castorville and Polluxton have experienced
sharp declines in the numbers of residents who pay
property taxes. To save money and improve service,
the two villages recently merged their once separate
garbage collection departments into a single department
located in Castorville, and the new department has
reported few complaints about its service. Last year
the library in Polluxton had 20 percent fewer users
than during the previous year. It follows that we
should now further economize and improve service,
as we did with garbage collection, by closing the
library in Polluxton and using the library in Castorville
to serve both villages."
下述文字摘自一封致其服务面向Castorville和Polluxton两个村庄的某报纸编辑的信函。
“无论是Castorville村还是Polluxton村，支付物业费的居民人数急剧下降。为了节约费用并改善服务，这两个村庄最近将一度各自独立的垃圾清理部门合并为一个部门，总部设立在Castorville村，而这个新部门反映，人们对它的服务几乎没有任何投诉。去年，Poluxton村图书馆的用户人数比前一年减少了20％。因此，顺理成章的是，我们现在应该进一步紧缩开支，提高服务水平，正如我们对垃圾清理所做的那样，关闭Polluxton村的图书馆，转而利用Castorville村的图书馆来为两个村共同提供服务。”
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| Argument
68 |
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The
following appeared in a memo from a budget planner
for the City of Grandview.
"To
avoid a budget deficit next year, the City of Grandview
must eliminate its funding for the Grandview Symphony.
Our citizens are well aware of the fact that while
the Grandview Symphony Orchestra was struggling to
succeed, our city government promised annual funding
to help support its programs. Last year, however,
private contributions to the Symphony increased by
200 percent, and attendance at the Symphony's concerts-in-the-park
series doubled. The Symphony has also announced an
increase in ticket prices for next year. Such developments
indicate that the Symphony can now succeed without
funding from city government and we can eliminate
that expense from next year's budget. This action
will surely prevent a budget deficit."
下述文字摘自Prunty县某份报纸上的社论。
“为了提高公路上的安全性，Prunty县最近在其所有主要县级道路上将车辆的限速标准从每小时55英里降至每小时45英里。但是，每小时55英里的限速标准应予恢复，因为这一安全努力已告失败。大多数驾驶者都在超过这一新的限速标准，Prunty全县的事故率仅有微弱下降。如果我们希望提高我们道路的安全性，我们应另想办法来实施像Butler县5年前完成的那种道路改进工程，即扩大车道宽度，重新浇制高低不平道路的路面。今天，Butler县的主要道路仍然维持着每小时55英里的限速标准，但Butler县过去这一年中有报道的车祸数量要比5年前的减少了25％。” |
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| Argument
69 |
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Yellow-legged
frogs were once common in high-altitude lakes in the
Sierra Nevada mountains, but they have become increasingly
rare. Trout feed on tadpoles and young frogs. Few
lakes in the Sierra Nevada had any trout in them until
a hundred years ago. At that time, many lakes were
stocked with trout for recreational fishing, and now
trout are common in virtually all bodies of water
in the Sierra Nevada. Researchers removed the trout
from one lake, and the frog population soon quadrupled.
Since frogs are capable of moving several miles over
land, removing trout from just a few lakes is clearly
the way to restore the frog population to its former
levels.
黄腿青蛙在Sierra Nevada山区的高纬度湖泊中曾一度十分普遍，但现在正在变得越来越少。鲑鱼以蝌蚪和幼小青蛙为生。100年前，Sierra
Nevada地区的湖泊中几乎没有任何鲑鱼。那时，人们只是在许多湖中放养鲑鱼供娱乐性垂钓，而现在鲑鱼在Sierra
Nevada地区的几乎所有水域都甚为常见。研究人员在一个湖中将鲑鱼清除掉，结果青蛙的种群数量立即增加了四倍。由于青蛙能在陆地上迁移数英里，因此，将鲑鱼从少数几个湖泊里清除掉，显然是使青蛙种群数量恢复到它以前水平的最佳途径。 |
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| Argument
70 |
Studies
show that in 70 percent of traffic accidents, at least
one driver involved is less than 10 miles from home
when the accident occurs. This statistic indicates that
drivers have a tendency to drive incautiously when they
are close to home, probably because familiar surroundings
give them a false sense of security. Thus, the places
where people feel safest are the places where they are
in fact at greatest risk of serious injury."
研究表明，在70％的交通事故中，至少有一个涉案司机在事故发生时离家不足10英里。这一数据表明，司机们在驾车时往往会随着离家的距离越近而愈发粗心大意，可能是因为熟稔的环境会给他们以一种虚假的安全感。因此，人们越是觉得最为安全的地方，实际上恰好就是最具严重伤亡风险的地方。 |
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| Argument
71 |
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Copper occurs in
nature mixed with other minerals and valuable metals
in ore, and the proportion of copper in the ore can
vary considerably. Until fairly recently, the only
way to extract pure copper from ore was by using a
process that requires large amounts of electric energy,
especially if the proportion of copper in the ore
is low. New copper-extracting technologies can use
up to 40 percent less electricity than the older method
to process the same amount of raw ore, especially
when the proportion of copper in the ore is high.
Therefore, we can expect the amount of electricity
used by the copper-extraction industry to decline
significantly.
在自然界中，铜与矿石中的其他矿物和贵金属混合在一起，并且矿石中铜的含量有着千差万别。直到最近，从矿石中提取纯铜的最佳方法是使用一项需要消耗大量电能的工艺，尤其是当矿石中铜含量低的时候。在处理同等数量矿石原料的情况下，尤其是当铜在矿石中的含量很高时，新的采铜工艺可比旧式工艺少用40％的电力。因此，我们可以预期，采铜行业所消耗的电量将会大大减少。
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| Argument
72 |
In
measuring electrical activity in different parts of
the brain, researchers found that people who describe
themselves as generally happy have more activity in
the left prefrontal lobe of their brains than do other
people. Therefore, a medication for stimulating the
left prefrontal lobe of the brain would be an effective
treatment for clinical depression.
在测量大脑不同部位的电流活动时，研究人员发现，那些将自己描述为一般较快乐的人，他们大脑中左前额叶的活动要比其他人来得频繁。因此，能够刺激大脑左前额叶活动的药物将成为临床忧郁症的有效治疗手段。 |
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| Argument
73 |
"The
following appeared in a memo from a manager of a car
dealership.
"Ten
years ago, long-term car leasing became available
in our country of Mohilia as an alternative to outright
car ownership, and leasing has steadily risen in popularity.
For each of the last five years, the number of people
leasing new cars has surpassed the number buying new
cars. The average age of cars driven in Mohilia is
six years; hence, if new car leases again outnumber
purchases this year, it is likely that the majority
of drivers will be driving leased, not individually
owned, cars. Therefore, we should change the focus
of our business from selling cars to leasing them."
下述文字摘自一汽车交易经理的备忘录。
“10年前，长期汽车租赁在我们Mohilia国开始出现，用以替代完全的汽车所有权，而租赁也持续不断地赢得了人们的欢迎。在过去5年中的每一年，租新车的人数超过了买新车的人数。在Mohilia国街头开的汽车，平均使用年龄仅为6年。因此，如果今年新车的租赁数量超过购买数量，大多数驾车者所驾的车辆很可能是租来的而非个人购买的汽车。因此，我们应该将业务的重点由售车转向租车。”
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| Argument
74 |
The
following appeared in a newsletter about education policy.
"The average annual earnings
of high school dropouts are significantly less than
the average annual earnings of high school graduates.
To address this problem, the state governor has proposed
that the state should establish free vocational training
programs for high school dropouts. But the availability
of such programs would probably encourage some students
who would otherwise have graduated to drop out in order
to pursue vocational training. Hence the proposed programs
would lower, not raise, the average earning potential
of young people. Therefore, the state should not establish
the vocational training programs but should instead
focus on improving academic programs in our high schools."
下述文字摘自有关教育政策的某份时事通讯。
“高中退学学生的平均年收入远低于高中毕业生。为了解决这一问题，本州州长提议应该为高中退学者设立免费的职业培训计划。但所提供的这些计划有可能使原来可以毕业的学生中途退学，以便能够获得职业培训。因此，拟议中的这些计划会降低而不是提高年轻人的平均收入潜力。因此，本州不应该设立职业培训计划，而应该将注意力集中在改善我们高中学校的学业计划。” |
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| Argument
75 |
The
following appeared in a newsletter about health.
"The proportion of children
in the United States who are overweight is greater now
than ever before. Obesity rates among children have
been increasing since the 1970's, and during that same
time period, the proportion of children living in suburbs
has increased. Whereas children in rural areas tend
to have outdoor active chores and children in cities
often walk to school or other places they need to go,
children in suburbs are typically driven everywhere.
Thus the increase in childhood obesity is probably due
mainly to the suburbanization of America and the associated
decrease in the opportunities children have for exercise."
下述文字摘自有关健康的一份时事通讯。
“在美国，现在身体超重的孩子的比例比以往任何时候都高。孩子的肥胖率自20世纪70年代以来一直呈上升趋势，而在同期，居住在郊区的孩子数量也在不断上升。农村地区的孩子往往会做一些室外需一定活动量的家务，城里的孩子也经常步行上学或到其它他们必须前往的地方，但只有郊区的孩子普遍坐车到各地去。因此，孩子肥胖现象的增加可能主要是由于美国的郊区化进程，以及孩子们运动机会的相应减少。” |
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| Argument
76 |
The
following appeared as part of an article in a health
and beauty magazine.
"A group of volunteers participated
in a study of consumer responses to the new Luxess face
cream. Every morning for a month, they washed their
faces with mild soap and then applied Luxess. At the
end of that month, most volunteers reported a marked
improvement in the way their skin looked and felt. Thus
it appears that Luxess is truly effective in improving
the condition of facial skin."
下述文字摘自某健康与美容杂志的一篇文章。
“一组志愿者参加了一项旨在了解消费者对Luxess新洗面奶反应的研究。在为期一个月的时间中，每天早上，她们先是用柔性香皂清洗脸部，然后再用Luxess洗面奶。月末，大多数志愿者反映她们皮肤的外观与感觉均有显著的改善。因此，可以看出Luxess产品能真正有效地改善肌肤的状况。” |
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| Argument
77 |
The
cities of East Sacunda and West Sacunda are in an earthquake-prone
area. Since 1985 both cities have had stringent building
codes requiring all new buildings to have specific features
designed to prevent damage in an earthquake. Buildings
built before 1985 are exempt from the codes, but many
building owners have modified their buildings to make
them conform to the 1985 codes. Last year a major earthquake
hit the area, and many people lost their homes. The
number of people who were left homeless was much higher
in East Sacunda than in West Sacunda, however, so we
can conclude that building owners in East Sacunda were
less likely to modify their buildings so as to bring
them up to the 1985 code standards.
东Sacunda和西Sacunda两个城市都地处地震易发地带。自1985年以来，这两个城市开始实施严格的建筑规范，要求所有新建房屋都带有某些旨在防止地震破坏的具体要素。1985年之前建造的房屋可免于执行这些规范，但许多大楼主人对其建筑进行了改建，以使其建筑物符合1985年的建筑规范。去年，一场大地震袭击该地区，许多人无家可归。但东Sacunda市无家可归者的人数远高于西Sacunda市，因此我们可以得出以下结论，即东Sacunda市的大楼主人没怎么去改建过他们的建筑物以使它们达到1985年的建筑标准。” |
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| Argument
78 |
The
following appeared in a letter to the editor of an archaeological
magazine.
"Archaeologists excavated
a cave that had been inhabited by prehistoric people
for thousands of years. These people hunted wild animals,
many of whose bones were found at levels corresponding
to different times of habitation. Most of the bones
at the oldest levels, over 40,000 years old, were from
a deer species whose modern-day descendants are known
to prefer woodland habitats, whereas most of the bones
at more recent levels, dating from 30,000 to 10,000
years ago, were from a gazelle species whose modern-day
descendants are known to prefer grasslands. We can thus
conclude that the climate of the area changed dramatically
between 40,000 and 30,000 years ago, causing the terrain
to change from woodland to grassland."
下述文字摘自一封致某考古杂志编辑的信函。
"考古学家挖掘出了一个被史前时代的人类居住过数千年的洞穴。这些人捕杀野生动物，而许多动物骨头被发现处于与不同栖息时期相对应的年代水平。处在最古老水平（即4万年以上的时间）上的大多数骨头来自一种鹿，这种鹿现代的后代较喜欢丛林栖息地，而处在较为近期水平（追溯至3万年至1万年）上的大多数骨头来自一种瞪羚，它现代的后代则较喜欢草原。我们由此可得出结论，在4万与3万年前之间，该地区的气候出现过急剧的变化，导致地形从丛林变为草原。” |
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| Argument
79 |
| The
following appeared in a magazine for the trucking
industry.
"The Longhaul
trucking company was concerned that its annual accident
rate (the number of accidents per mile driven) was
too high. It granted a significant pay increase to
its drivers and increased its training standards.
It also put strict limits on the number of hours per
week each driver could drive. The following year,
its trucks were involved in half the number of accidents
as before the changes were implemented. A survey of
other trucking companies found that the highest-paid
drivers were the least likely to have had an accident.
Therefore, trucking companies wishing to reduce their
accident rate can do so simply by raising their drivers'
pay and limiting the overall number of hours they
drive."
下述文字摘自百货车运输业的一份杂志.
“Longhaul货车运输公司曾一度担心，它每年的事故率（每驾驶一英里的事故数量）太高了。于是它同意给其司机大幅度涨工资，并提高了其培训标准。它还严格限制每位司机每周的驾车时间。次年，该公司货车发生事故的数量比执行这些变化之前的年份减少了一半。对其他货运公司所作的一项调查显示，报酬最高的司机最不可能发生交通事故。因此，那些希望减少事故率的货车运输公司只需要提高其司机的工资待遇，限制他们行驶总时间便可达到目的。"
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| Argument
80 |
The
following appeared as an editorial in a health magazine.
"Clormium
5 is an odorless, tasteless, and generally harmless
industrial by-product that can enter the water supply.
A preliminary study has linked cooking with water
containing clormium 5 to an increased incidence of
allergies and skin rashes. Tests of the drinking water
in several areas have revealed the presence of clormium
5. Although it is possible to remove clormium 5 from
water, the costs of routine testing and purification
are higher than many communities can afford. Therefore,
in order to prevent allergies and skin rashes, communities
that cannot afford to rid their drinking water of
clormium 5 should replace drinking fountains in public
buildings, such as schools and libraries, with bottled-water
coolers."
下述文字摘自某健康杂志的社论。
“Clormiun 5是一种无嗅无味、普遍无害的工业副产品，可进入供水。一项初步研究将用含有Clormiun
5的水进行烹饪与过敏及皮疹发病率的上升联系在一起。对某些地区进行的饮用水检测表明存在着Clormiun
5。尽管Clormium 5可从水中除掉，但水的例行检查及纯化所需的成本超出了许多委员会所能支付的能力。因此，为了预防过敏和皮疹，那些无法将Clormiun
5从其饮用水中除掉的社区应将诸如学校和图书馆等公共建筑物内的喷嘴或饮水器用瓶装水冷却器来 | | |
