 |
|
翻
译 范 例 |
|
|
|
 |
|
| |
|
|
| |
| |
| 社会主义市场经济的宏观调控
The Macro-Manipulation of the Socialist Market Economy
|
| |
| Although
the market is the most effective mode and means for the allocation
of recourses, it is by no means omnipotent. It has its inherent
flaws, which are primarily expressed in following aspects:
(1) In the process of its operation, the market mechanism
will ineluctably suffer from economic fluctuations in varying
degrees. When the gross economic volume reaches a critical
point, it can generally recover its balance only after a period
of crisis, which will result in the devastation of productive
forces and in the immense waste of social resources. (2) One
probable consequence ensuing from market competition is monopoly,
which will reduce the efficiency of resource allocation and
produce a detrimental effect on the interests of consumers
and other producers. (3) For all the efficiency of market
operation, the consequence of market competition, if not regulated,
will result in the inequality of distribution and even in
rich-poor polarization. (4) The market itself is ineffectual
in addressing such issues as the environment, resources, and
the interests of consumers. In addition, the market frequently
runs counter to those measures that involve the overall and
long-range national interests. |
| |
| 市场是配置资源最有效的方式和手段，但是市场决不是万能的，它也有缺陷，主要表现在：(1)市场机制在运行中不可避免地会出现程度不同的经济波动,
在经济总量严重时，一般要经过危机才能恢复平衡，从而导致生产力破坏和社会资源的巨大浪费;(2) 市场竞争的结果可能导致垄断,使资源配置效率下降，损害消费者和其他生产者利益；（3）市场运作虽然是有效的，但市场竞争的结果，如果不加调节，将会导致分配不公，以至两极分化；（4）市场本身对于环境、资源和消费者利益等问题也难以有效地解决；对于涉及国家全局的、长远的利益举措，市场也往往是逆向的。 |
| |
| In
order to compensate for the major defects inherent in the
market mechanism, governmental interventions, including macro-manipulation,
become indispensable to modern market economy. In particular,
at the present stage of China, the deficiencies of the market
are likely to be artificially aggravated for lack of a well-developed
market mechanism. During periods of economic growth and institutional
restructuring, structural imbalance and economic upheavals
are liable to occur, which will prove difficult for the market
itself to guard against and to surmount. Furthermore, the
market remains powerless in dealing with problems such as
unbalanced regional development and discrepant individual
income and distribution. All those issues call for positive
interventions by the government. The macro-manipulation has
as its primary objectives the maintenance of a balanced gross
economic volume, the containment of inflation, the promotion
of major optimizations in the economic structure, and the
realization of smooth economic growth. In the course of economic
reshuffling, macro-manipulation should also endeavor to create
advantageous conditions for facilitating the market development
and ameliorating the market mechanism. |
| |
| 为了弥补市场机制的这些重大缺陷，包括宏观调控在内的政府干预，是现代市场经济所必需的。尤其在我国现阶段，由于市场机制不健全，市场的缺陷有可能人为地扩大；在经济增长时期和体制转换时期，又容易发生结构失衡和经济动荡，这是市场本身难以防范和克服的；对于地区之间的发展不平衡和个人之间的收入分配悬殊等问题，市场也无能为力。所有这些，都要求政府积极地加以干预。宏观调控的主要任务，是保持经济总量平衡，抑制通货膨胀，促进重大经济结构优化，实现经济稳定增长。在经济体制转轨时期,
宏观调控还要为促进市场发育和完善市场机制创造有利条件。 我国宏观调控手段，除了一般市场经济国家都有的财政政策和货币政策两个常规手段之外，还必须运用计划手段。 |
| |
| For
macro-manipulative measures, China, apart from the two conventional
approaches of fiscal policy and monetary policy typically
employed by countries implementing market economy, must also
have recourse to the means of planning. As one of the macro-manipulative
measures, planning can be understood on two levels, first,
as comprehensive blueprinting of national economy and social
development; second, as regulation imposed upon certain important
economic activities in the operation of national economy.
Planning parallels fiscal and monetary means as a regular
instrument of macro-economic policy. Of course, the planning
as is referred to here differs fundamentally from the so-called
planning under the planned economy. It should be based upon
the market. By taking advantage of the role played by the
market mechanism, it should conduct all-round designing and
comprehensive coordination with respect to national economy
and social development and propose macro-manipulative objectives
with which to guide and regulate the market. |
| |
| 作为宏观调控手段的计划有两个层次；第一是国民经济与社会发展的总体规划。第二是对国民经济运行中某些重要经济活动进行调节的计划。计划和财政、货币手段并列为经常性的宏观政策工具。当然,
这里的计划不同于计划经济中的计划，它应当以市场为基础,运用市场机制作用，对国民经济和社会发展进行总体规划和综合协调，提出宏观调控目标，并据此引导、调控市场。 |
|
|
